Unit 2

Question 1

reservoir

Answer 1

a natural or artificial place where water is collected and stored for use

Question 2

acid/base/neutral

Answer 2

acid 
red on pH scale
-contains hydrogen that can be replaced by a metal
base
-green or blue on pH scale
neutral
-normally a “7”

Question 3

electronegativity

Answer 3

The ability of an atoms to attract electrons when the atoms are in a compound

Question 4

polar

Answer 4

the center of the molecule has different positive and negative charges

Question 5

nonpolar covalent

Answer 5

equally shared electrons

Question 6

ionic

Answer 6

metal/nonmetal

Question 7

covalent

Answer 7

nonmetal nonmetal

Question 8

ionization energy

Answer 8

energy required to remove an electron from a specific atom

Question 9

dipole movement

Answer 9

product of the separation of the ends of a dipole and the magnitude of the charges

Question 10

electron

Answer 10

• negative

- lost and gained in different atoms/elements

Question 11

atomic radius

Answer 11

the more shells an atom has, the larger the atomic radius, the more protons
-increases as you go down
increases when left

Question 12

valence

Answer 12

-outer shell of electrons

Question 13

carbon cycle

Answer 13

the series of which carbon compounds are converted in different ways in the environment

Question 14

places carbon moves in carbon cycle (reservoirs)

Answer 14

• deep ocean
• surface ocean
• fossil fuels
• atmosphere
• land

Question 15

global warming

Answer 15

long-term rise in temp of earths climate

-land and fossil fuel contributes to this

Question 16

periodic trends

Answer 16

• includes electronegativity, ionization energy, atomic radius, melting point, etc.
• the way jt moves up and down the periodic table

Question 17

polarity

Answer 17

• nonpolar/polar covalent

- determine polarity by electronegativity difference

Question 18

partial charges

Answer 18

these types of covalent bonds (when partially negative) are called polar because the electron distribution/charge is uneven

Question 19

biomass pyramid

Answer 19

• total mass of living matter at each trophies level

- larger to smaller as you go up the pyramid

Question 20

energy pyramid

Answer 20

shows animals energy levels from level to level

• lose 90% of energy as you go up
• 10% stays

Question 21

pyramid of numbers

Answer 21

shows the number of organisms at each level

• large numbers-> producers
• smaller-> consumers

Question 22

trophic levels

Answer 22

-primary, secondary, tertiary

Question 23

food chains

Answer 23

linear pathway showing how energy is transferred from one species to another

Question 24

food web

Answer 24

feeding relationships that includes intersecting food chains

Question 25

flow of energy

Answer 25

energy transferred from one organism to another

Question 26

photoautotrophs

Answer 26

organisms that carry out photosynthesis - energy from sunlight, co2 and water - producers

Question 27

chemoautotrophs

Answer 27

derives energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds

Question 28

producers

Answer 28

do not need to eat other organisms to gain energy | -at bottom of energy pyramid

Question 29

heterotrophs

Answer 29

-herbivores, carnivores,omnivores

Question 30

consumers

Answer 30

herbivores, carnivores, omnivores-> eat each other

Question 31

scavengers

Answer 31

eat carcasses of dead animals

Question 32

primary

Answer 32

first level of energy consumption

Question 33

secondary

Answer 33

gains energy from primary, second level of consumption

Question 34

tertiary

Answer 34

third level of energy consumption, eats from secondary

Question 35

bioaccumulation

Answer 35

- an increase in the concentration of a pollutant or chemical in an organism OVER TIME - in one organism only

Question 36

biomagnification

Answer 36

when a toxin or substance increases in concentration in animal tissue as you move up the food chain

Question 37

saprotrophs

Answer 37

complete breakdown of remaining organic matter

Question 38

orbitals

Answer 38

pattern of electron density formed in an atom or molecule

Question 39

detrivores

Answer 39

feed on dead leaves or other plant remains

Question 40

why does the garbage patch exist

Answer 40

formed gradually over pollution over time

Question 41

why can’t the garbage patch break down?

Answer 41

-plastic takes a very long time to break down

Question 42

how does the patch affect marine ecosystems

Answer 42

- the sealife consumes more and more methyl mercury and becomes toxic - marine life will die from eating

Question 43

how does energy move within an ecosystem?

Answer 43

-10% of energy stays up the food chain

Question 44

what harms do toxins cause in people (from methylmercury

Answer 44

- brain damage - kidney damage - memory loss, visions problems - becoming mentally retarded - poor coordination/speech

Question 45

what about carbons properties make the carbon cycle possible?

Answer 45

- can be in so many forms because the amount of energy helps it to be stable - 4 different bonds