Science - Body Coordination: 11.2

Question 1

Sensation vs Perception

Answer 1

Sensation = detection of stimuli info by receptors
Perception = brain organising and interpreting info

Question 2

Three Types of Memory

Answer 2

Sensory - 5secs, perceive environment around and understand speech

Short Term - 30secs, working memory & practice to become long-term

Long Term - lifetime, memory must move to short-term to be retrieved, can be blurred if not retrieved often

Question 3

Three Ways of Memorising

Answer 3

Chunking:
- grouping things together to improve short-term memory
- e.g phone numbers

Contextual Cues:
- memory is better in the context/environment it was learnt in
- e.g. classroom

Rehearsal:
- Maintenance rehearsal–repeating mentally/verbally
- e.g. Que cards
- Elaborate rehearsal–linking into through stories/mindmaps/pictures
- e.g. Song Lyrics

Question 4

Classical Conditioning

Answer 4

Unrelated association, which is always involuntary, and taught to bring about a response:
- Bell = natural stimulus
- Food naturally causes dog to salivate–unconditioned stimuli
- Neutral stimulus (bell) and unconditioned stimulus (food) presented together
- Bell causes dog to salivate–conditioned stimuli

Question 5

Operant Conditioning

Answer 5

• Positive behaviour rewarded
• Negative behaviour punished
• Promotes desired behaviours and reduces unwanted behaviours

Question 6

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 6

Good thing is given

Question 7

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 7

Bad thing is taken

Question 8

Positive Punishment

Answer 8

Bad thing is given

Question 9

Negative Punishment

Answer 9

Good thing is taken

Question 10

Observational Learning

Answer 10

People copy behaviours displayed by others (particularly children watching adults)