Science book quizzes

Question 1

What occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to other parts of the body?

Answer 1

General infection

Question 2

Bacteria that are harmless and can even be beneficial are called:

Answer 2

Nonpathogenic

Question 3

Bacteria that can cause infections and disease, produce toxins and spread easily via contaminated tools or dirty hands and fingernails are considered:

Answer 3

Pathogenic

Question 4

An example of a preventative measure for certain viruses is:

Answer 4

Vaccinations

Question 5

Organisms that live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism called a host are known as:

Answer 5

External parasites

Question 6

A communicable disease refers to a disease that is:

Answer 6

Spread from one person to another

Question 7

Common ways of spreading infection in the workplace include all of the following descriptions EXCEPT:

a. coughing
b. shared drinking cups
c. clean hands and tools
d. unclean hands and tools

Answer 7

c. clean hands and tools

Question 8

Direct transmission of an infectious disease can occur from:

Answer 8

Skin-to-skin contact with an infected person

Question 9

Which of the following actions would be considered a standard precaution for infection control?

a jdjdjd
B sjsjdj
c. disinfecting tools and equipment
d. oodoo

Answer 9

c. disinfecting tools and equipment

Question 10

When exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease it is called:

Answer 10

Active immunity

Question 11

The removal of surface or visible debris, organic materials and potential pathogens using soap, detergent or chemical cleaner is the infection control method of:

Answer 11

Cleaning

Question 12

The infection control method that kills certain pathogens (bacteria, viruses and fungi) with the exception of spores on nonporous surfaces, tools and multi-use supplies is referred to as:

Answer 12

Disinfection

Question 13

The regulating agency under the Department of Labor that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace is:

Answer 13

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)

Question 14

In addition to the efficacy claims on the label what information is assigned to a product to show its approval?

Answer 14

EPA registration number

Question 14

An approved EPA-registered disinfectant is effective in what type of surface?

Answer 14

Nonporous

Question 14

It is important to clean nail tools before:

Answer 14

Immersing them in disinfectant

Question 15

All nail tools or supplies that come in contact with the client during a service must be discarded or:

Answer 15

Disinfected

Question 16

All of the following statements are precautions regarding disinfectants EXCEPT:

a. store in a cool, dry area
b. tightly cover and label all containers
c. purchase chemicals in small quantities
d. use hands to remove objects from disinfectant

Answer 16

d. use hands to remove objects from disinfectant

Question 17

A nail professional failed to wear safety glasses when mixing a disinfectant. Some disinfectant splashed into their eye. Where could they find information to refer to for appropriate procedures?

Answer 17

SDS (Safety Data Sheets)

Question 18

The killing or destroying of all microbial life, including bacterial spores is the infection control procedures of:

Answer 18

Sterilization

Question 19

What is an important safety guideline to keep in mind when using electrical equipment?

Answer 19

If electrical device falls into water, unplug it before removing from the water

Question 20

Overexposure to chemicals in the nail salon/spa occurs when:

Answer 20

A safe level of chemical exposure is exceeded

Question 21

Inhalation overexposure in the nail salon/spa can occur when:

Answer 21

There isn’t adequate ventilation

Question 22

What law was enacted to encourage people to help others in an emergency situation?

Answer 22

Good Samaritan laws

Question 23

What type of burn extends beneath the epidermis into the dermis, causing a blister to form?

Answer 23

Second degree

Question 24

When dealing with a chemical burn, the nail professional should:

Answer 24

Neutralize as much chemical as possible

Question 25

If the skin is not broken following a heat or electrical burn, which action is recommended to treat the burn area?

Answer 25

Immerse in cool water

Question 26

When you believe a person may be choking, what step should be taken FIRST?

Answer 26

Determine if the victim can speak or cough

Question 27

Which of the following actions should be taken if a person has fainted?

Answer 27

Apply a cold compress to the face

Question 28

In the case of a chemical injury to the eye, which action is recommended?

Answer 28

Flush the eyeball with lukewarm water for 15-30 minutes

Question 29

Which area of science involves the study of the structure of organs and systems of the body?

Answer 29

Anatomy

Question 30

The control center of cell activities is called the:

Answer 30

Nucleus

Question 31

Most cell activities take place in the:

Answer 31

Cytoplasm

Question 32

The chemical process in which cells use nutrients for cell growth and reproduction is known as:

Answer 32

Metabolism

Question 33

The release of energy within a cell necessary for the performance of specific body functions is caused by:

Answer 33

Catabolism

Question 34

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

Answer 34

Cover and protect body surfaces and internal organs

Question 35

The tissue that contracts, when stimulated, to produce motion is known as:

Answer 35

Muscular tissue

Question 36

A separate body structure composed of tissues that perform specific functions as part of a system is an:

Answer 36

Organ

Question 37

The organ that controls all body functions is the:

Answer 37

Brain

Question 38

Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs and organs make up:

Answer 38

Systems

Question 39

Which system is the physical foundation of the body?

Answer 39

Skeletal system

Question 40

The point at which two or more bones are joined together is called a:

Answer 40

Joint

Question 41

Long bones are found in the:

Answer 41

Arms and legs

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? a. allowing body movement b. sending and receiving body messages c. surrounding and protecting internal organs d. providing a frame that muscles can attach to

Answer 42

b. sending and receiving body messages

Question 43

The small bone located on the little-finger side of the lower arm is the:

Answer 43

Ulna

Question 44

The 8 carpals held together with ligaments form the:

Answer 44

Wrist

Question 45

The 5 long, thin bones that form the palm of the hand are the:

Answer 45

Metacarpals

Question 46

Which bone is the thigh bone and the longest bone in the body?

Answer 46

Femur

Question 47

The outer and narrower of the 2 lower-leg bones, extending from the knee to the ankle, is known as the:

Answer 47

Fibula

Question 48

What is the term for the 5 small bones at the base of the toes?

Answer 48

Proximal phalanges

Question 49

Myology is the study of the structure, function and diseases of the:

Answer 49

Muscles

Question 50

Which type of muscle responds automatically to control various body functions?

Answer 50

Involuntary

Question 51

The three parts of a muscle are the:

Answer 51

Origin, belly, insertion

Question 52

The nail professional is primarily concerned with which type of muscles found in the arms, hands, legs and feet?

Answer 52

Voluntary

Question 53

Muscles affected by massage are generally massaged from the:

Answer 53

Insertion attachment to origin attachment

Question 54

The muscle that turns the palm of the hand up is the:

Answer 54

Supinator

Question 55

Which group of muscles straightens the fingers and wrist?

Answer 55

Extensor

Question 56

What group of three muscles controls the motion of the little finger?

Answer 56

Hypothenar eminence

Question 57

What is the function of the tibialis anterior muscle?

Answer 57

Bends the food upward and inward

Question 58

What muscle moves the big toe away from the other toes?

Answer 58

Abductor hallucis

Question 59

Two interrelated subsystems of the circulatory system are the cardiovascular system and the:

Answer 59

Lymph-vascular system

Question 60

The body system responsible for blood circulation, including the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries, is called the:

Answer 60

Cardiovascular system

Question 61

What is the sticky, salty fluid that circulates through the body, bringing nourishment and oxygen to all parts of the body?

Answer 61

Blood

Question 62

Blood performs all of the following functions EXCEPT: a. transports oxygen b. controls breathing c. regulated body temperature d. protects the body from the threat of infection

Answer 62

b. controls breathing

Question 63

What is another name for red blood cells?

Answer 63

Erythrocytes

Question 64

Cells that fight bacteria and other foreign substances are called leukocytes or:

Answer 64

White blood cells

Question 65

Thick-walled vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to various tissues of the body are:

Answer 65

Arteries

Question 66

The process of blood traveling from the heart, throughout the body and back to the heart is called:

Answer 66

Systemic circulation

Question 67

Which action is a function of the lymph-vascular system? a. circulating blood b. clotting the blood c. maintaining fluid balance d. carrying carbon dioxide to the tissues

Answer 67

c. maintaining fluid balance

Question 68

How do lymph nodes indicate possible infection of the body?

Answer 68

They swell

Question 69

The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the:

Answer 69

Autonomic nervous system

Question 70

The brain, spinal cord and spinal and cranial nerves make up the:

Answer 70

Central nervous system

Question 71

Which part of the central nervous system is composed of long nerve fibers, originates in the base of the brain and extends to the base of the spine?

Answer 71

Spinal cord

Question 72

What system is composed of sensory and motor nerves that extend from the spinal cord and brain to other parts of the body?

Answer 72

Peripheral nervous system

Question 73

Thread-like fibers that extend from the nerve cell and bring information to the cell body are called:

Answer 73

Dendrites

Question 74

The digestive, respiratory and circulatory are examples of body systems operated by the:

Answer 74

Autonomic nervous system

Question 75

What nerves carry messages from the brain to the muscles and glands?

Answer 75

Motor

Question 76

The system that breaks food down to be easily absorbed by cells or become waste products is the:

Answer 76

Digestive system

Question 77

Eliminating solid, liquid and gaseous waste products is the function of what system?

Answer 77

Excretory system

Question 78

Nail and hair growth, skin conditions and energy levels are all directly affected by the:

Answer 78

Endocrine system

Question 79

The six basic functions of the skin include sensation, heat regulation, absorption, protection, excretion and:

Answer 79

Secretion

Question 80

What layer of the skin does NOT contain any blood vessels?

Answer 80

Epidermis

Question 81

Which layer of the epidermis is located on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet?

Answer 81

Stratum lucidum

Question 82

Where does mitosis or cell division of the skin take place?

Answer 82

Stratum basale

Question 83

What gives colour to the skin?

Answer 83

Melanin

Question 84

Which layer of the skin contains collagen protein and elastin fibers, which lend support to the epidermis and give the skin it's elastic quality?

Answer 84

Dermis

Question 85

Sweat is excreted by what gland?

Answer 85

Sudoriferous

Question 86

A mixture of sweat and sebum on the surface of the skin is referred to as:

Answer 86

The acid mantle

Question 87

Which layer of the skin is located below the dermis and composed of adipose (fatty) and loose connective tissue?

Answer 87

Subcutaneous

Question 88

All of the following statements identify ways to protect the skin from the sun's harmful effects EXCEPT: a. apply sunscreen every 6 hours b. wear protective clothing when in the sun c. apply sunscreen every 2 hours or as necessary d. stay out the sun during peak hours of 10am to 4pm

Answer 88

a. apply sunscreen every 6 hours

Question 89

Subjective symptoms vs Objective symptoms:

Answer 89

Subjective is something you can feel and objective is something you can see

Question 90

Chronic is the term used to identify conditions that are:

Answer 90

Constantly reoccuring

Question 91

A papule is an example of a:

Answer 91

Primary skin lesion

Question 92

Caitlyn is a client who has small elevations of skin similar to vesicles in size and shape but contain pus. Which primary lesion describes Caitlyn's condition?

Answer 92

Pustules

Question 93

A solid formation above the skin, often caused by insect bites or allergic reaction, is called a:

Answer 93

Wheal

Question 94

Which secondary lesion is a dried mass that is the remains of an oozing sore?

Answer 94

Crust

Question 95

Which skin lesion usually appears as cracks or lines and often occur when skin loses its flexibility due to exposure to wind, cold and water?

Answer 95

Fissure

Question 96

Which term is another name for a keratoma

Answer 96

Callus

Question 97

What is the technical term for a lack of pigmentation of the skin caused by a decrease in melanocyte activity?

Answer 97

Leukoderma

Question 98

What is the term for a skin inflammation caused by direct contact with an irritant or allergen?

Answer 98

Contact dermatitis

Question 99

The study of the structure and growth of the nails is called:

Answer 99

Onychology

Question 100

What skin structure extends from the first joint of the finger to the visible nail plate, back under the skin?

Answer 100

Proximal nail fold (PNF)

Question 101

The nail plate rests on which area of the nail?

Answer 101

Nail bed

Question 102

The part of the nail that extends from the matrix to the free edge is the:

Answer 102

Nail plate

Question 103

What is the glassy, grayish band at point where the nail plate meets the hyponychium?

Answer 103

Onychodermal band

Question 104

The living tissue under the free edge that prevents bacteria from entering the nail bed is known as the:

Answer 104

Hyponychium

Question 105

Nails are made of a hardened protein known as:

Answer 105

Keratin

Question 106

What part of the nail contains lymph, blood vessels and nerves that create new nail cells?

Answer 106

Nail matrix

Question 107

As new nail cells are produced, they push the old cells foward toward the free edge and:

Answer 107

Keratinize

Question 108

Under normal circumstances it takes how long for a fingernail to replace itself?

Answer 108

4-6 months

Question 109

Any disease, disorder or condition of the nail is called:

Answer 109

Onychosis

Question 110

A contagious fungal infection of the nails is known as tinea unguium or:

Answer 110

Onychomycosis

Question 111

Onychia is an inflammation of the proximal nail folds or:

Answer 111

Lateral nail folds

Question 112

Onychatrophia is the nail disease identified as:

Answer 112

Atrophy of the nail

Question 113

What nail disease, commonly referred to as "greenies," is caused by the bacteria known as pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 113

Chloronychia

Question 114

The disorder in which the nail grows into the edge of the lateral nail fold or nail bed, causing ingrown nails, is called:

Answer 114

Onychocryptosis

Question 115

Another term for bitten nails is:

Answer 115

Onychophagy

Question 116

What is a common cause of brittle nails?

Answer 116

Overuse of nail solvents

Question 117

Improper filing, injury to the matrix or contact with harsh solvents could be causes of:

Answer 117

Onychorrhexis

Question 118

Living skin that becomes attached to the nail plate at the proximal nail fold or hyponychium is referred to as:

Answer 118

Pterygium

Question 119

Matter with definite weight and volume but no definite shape is called:

Answer 119

Liquid

Question 120

Is "oxygen and hydrogen combine to form water" a chemical change or physical change?

Answer 120

Chemical change

Question 121

Pure substances that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance is called:

Answer 121

Elements

Question 122

A substance formed by two or more different types of elements united chemically is a:

Answer 122

Compound

Question 123

Monomer molecules that undergo a chemical reaction that links them end-to-end, forming long chains, create simple:

Answer 123

Polymers

Question 124

What compound starts the chemical reaction necessary to begin the curing process of a nail product?

Answer 124

Initiator

Question 125

A substance that controls the speed at which a chemical reaction occurs is a:

Answer 125

Catalyst

Question 126

What nail product ingredient ensures all ingredients blend to create a uniform, compatible mixture?

Answer 126

Solvent

Question 127

A nail product additive that prevents a product from polymerizing, or curing, too soon is referred to as an:

Answer 127

Inhibitor

Question 128

Which nail enhancement system is primarily composed of oligomers?

Answer 128

Light-cured gel system

Question 129

Light, heat, chemical and magnetic changes are all produced by:

Answer 129

Electricity

Question 130

The movement of electricity along a path called a conductor is an:

Answer 130

Electric current

Question 131

Materials that best transport electricity are called:

Answer 131

Conductors

Question 132

A problem that can occur when more current flows than the line is designed to carry is called an:

Answer 132

Overload

Question 133

The light energy used to cure gel products is known as:

Answer 133

Ultraviolet light

Question 134

Factors needed for a proper cure include wavelengths, intensity, time and:

Answer 134

Distance

Question 135

What feature of an electric file is measured in RPM?

Answer 135

Speed

Question 136

Which term describes the amount of resistance on an e-file while the bit is in motion and in contact with the nail or nail enhancement product?

Answer 136

Torque

Question 137

All of the following descriptions apply to a dual-action airbrush EXCEPT: a. allows for faster paint application b. releases the air and paint at the same time c. airflow is varied by pressing down on lever d. paint flow is varied by pulling back on lever

Answer 137

b. releases the air and paint at the same time

Question 138

A compressor, moisture trap and hose are all parts of what type of nail equipment:

Answer 138

Airbrush