Science Evolution

Question 1

-Refers to a change in a population of organisms over time

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

-An economist
-“An Essay on the Principle of Population”
-Population growth = Availability of food
-“Artificial selection”
–Influence Charles Darwin

Answer 2

Thomas Robert Malthus

Question 3

-Systema Naturae
-A book made by him
-He grouped plants and animals according to their similar characteristics

Answer 3

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 4

Theory
-The characteristics that an animal acquired during its lifetime in order to adapt to its environment can be passed on to its offspring
-If certain body structures are not used, they would disappear; and if a body structure was utilized often, it would develop further

Answer 4

Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characters
-Proponent: Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Question 5

Theory
-States that natural history has been punctuated by catastrophic events that altered that way life developed and rocks were deposited

Answer 5

Theory of Catastrophism
-Proponent: Georges Cuvier

Question 6

Theory
-The needs of the animals have nothing to do with how they evolve and changes in an organism during its lifetime do not affect the evolution of the species
-Survival of the fittest

Answer 6

Theory of Natural Selection
Proponent: Charles Robert Darwin

Question 7

-Slight difference in an inherited trait of individual members of species
-Variations arise naturally in population
-Phenotypes can be passed on to generation
-Is a result of sexual reproduction

Answer 7

Variation

Question 8

-Increases an organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in its environment
-Structural and behavioral

Answer 8

Adaptation

Question 9

-Jackrabbit’s powerful hind legs help them to run fast to escape predators

Answer 9

Structural Adaptation

Question 10

-Is the process whereby organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
-Only organisms that can adapt to environmental conditions will survive

Answer 10

Natural Selection

Question 11

-Competitions exist among organisms and only those who fit will survive
-Failure to change will lead to extinction

Answer 11

Survival of the Fittest

Question 12

-Is a process by which new species are formed
-When favorable traits are acquired, new species come to existence

Answer 12

Speciation

Question 13

-Is the process by which a plant or an animal becomes
-………. found in younger rocks are not found in much older rocks
-The remains of many ancient organisms show structural similarities to certain organisms that exist today

Answer 13

Fossilization

Question 14

-Is the study of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth

Answer 14

Embryology

Question 15

-Similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor
-But they serve completely different functions

Answer 15

Homologous Structures

Question 16

-Limbs of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure
-Do not derive from a common ancestor

Answer 16

Analogous Structures

Question 17

-Organisms that are considered to have lost much or all of their original function through evolution

Answer 17

Vestigial Structures

Question 18

-Provides a record of how creatures evolved and how this process can be represented by a ‘tree of life’, showing that all species are related to each other
-Are skeletons

Answer 18

Evidence: Fossil Records

Question 19

-Comparative study of embryos in vertebrates shows that there is lot of similarity in them at the initial stages whereas this similarity decreases gradually

Answer 19

Evidence: Embyrological Evidence

Question 20

-Observing anatomical features shared between organisms

Answer 20

Evidence: Structural Evidence

Question 21

-The more closely related the species are, the more similar their genes are

Answer 21

Evidence: Biomechanical Evidence

Question 22

-Transfer of alleles from the former population to another population
-In recent years,this
has been observed between the Caucasian population and the African-American population
-African-Americans are resistant to malaria whereas Caucasians are not

-The offspring produced were seen to be resistant to the disease

Answer 22

Gene Flow

Question 23

-The change in allele frequencies that are due to chance which causes a loss of genetic diversity in a population
-Some alleles will decrease in frequency and become eliminated

Answer 23

Genetic Drift

Question 24

-Extreme example of genetic drift that happens when the size of a population is severely reduced

Answer 24

Bottleneck Effect

Question 25

-Occurs when a small group of individuals breaks off from a larger population to establish a colony

Answer 25

Founder Effect

Question 26

-New alleles can form through mutation that will create another genetic variation needed for evolution

Answer 26

Mutation

Question 27

-Unique traits of animals improve mating success for evolution

Answer 27

Sexual Selection

Question 28

-Happens when males display unique traits that attract females

Answer 28

Intersexual Selection

Question 29

-Happens when there is a competition among males

Answer 29

Intrasexual Selection

Question 30

-The evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species

Answer 30

Speciation