Science Final Flashcards by Darby Jacobs

We use only about ___ for crops
4%
5%
6%
14%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Only ~0.5% of water on earth is available freshwater
True
False

true

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Too much water can be bad for the earth.
True
False

true

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The factors that cause water problems do not include:
Weather and Climate
Drinking Water
Population Growth
Sharing Water Resources Among Countries
None of the choices is correct

None of the choices is correct

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Some of the strategics to conserve water are
Install water-saving shower heads and faucets
Install low-flush toilets
Purchase high efficiency appliances
None of the choices are correct
All of the choices are correct

All of the choices are correct

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Many developing countries have sufficient water to meet drinking and household needs
True
False

False

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Environmental Impacts of agricultural use of fossil fuels and pesticides contribute to air pollution.
True
False

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

overfishing can lead to loss in biodiversity.

True
False

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Earth’s biological diversity is disappearing at an unprecedented rate
True
False

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This specie is extinct
Abingdon tortoise
Pitcher Plant
Black Rhinoceros
Hawk
Mountain Gorilla

Abingdon tortoise

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The main problem with energy from nuclear fusion power is:
fusion technology requires vast quantities of uranium
None of these
fusion power still remains to be proven practical to control
it is dependent upon hydrogen, a limited fuel resource.
fusion only occurs in the sun, and we don’t know how the sun’s energy is produced

fusion power still remains to be proven practical to control

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is a liquid fuel converted from biomass?
charcoal
hydrogen
methanol
methane
propane

methanol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The amount of solar radiation hitting the Earth depends on:
the time of day
All of these
the distance from the equator
the season of the year
the amount of cloud cover

All of these

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which U.S. government agency manages federally owned land?
U.S. Fish and Wildlife
National Park Service
All of these choices are correct
U.S. Forest Service
Bureau of Land Management

All of these choices are correct

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The two areas of the world with the greatest food insecurity are:
South America and South Asia
South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa
South America and sub-Saharan Africa
the Middle East and South Asia
China and sub-Saharan Africa

South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Removing too much fresh water from a river or lake can
A. result in increasing salinity for associated estuaries.
B. cause a local increase in bird populations due to an increase in available habitat.
C. have little effect on associated wetland areas.
D. increase the productivity of associated wetlands.
E. reduce an area’s precipitation.

result in increasing salinity for associated estuaries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Water problems are particularly severe in the
A. Pacific Northwest.
B. American Southwest (Colorado River basin).
C. High Plains.
D. Gulf Coast states.
E. Upper Midwest.

American Southwest (Colorado Basin)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cities are encouraging individual water conservation by
A. including water charges in the rent.
B. providing economic incentives for installing water saving household fixtures.
C. repairing city water mains and pipes to improve “water accountability”.
D. collecting and storing rain water for redistribution to individuals.
E. decreasing the price of water.

providing economic incentives for installing water saving household fixtures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Future climate change will likely
A. have no effect on precipitation.
B. cause an increase in precipitation.
C. cause a decrease in precipitation.
D. cause an increase in precipitation in some areas and a decrease in others.
E. cause extreme droughts throughout all of North America.

cause an increase in precipitation in some areas and a decreased in others

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Excessive removal of groundwater can result in
a. rising water tables.
b. sinkhole formation.
c. groundwater desalinization.
d. increased discharge to streams.
e. all of these choices are correct

-sinkhole formation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following human activities or features does NOT significantly contribute to flooding?
draining of wetlands
zoning restrictions
all of these significantly contribute to flooding
deforestation
paving surfaces for roads and parking

-zoning restrictions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Around the world, about ___ people live without adequate access to safe drinking water?
A.0.75 billion
B.10 million
C.98 million
D.1.5 billion
E.5.2 billion

0.75 billion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following best describes ground water?
water moving from precipitation over the ground to rivers and lakes
water that is completely independent of surface water
water found above the water table
water found in lakes and rivers
water flowing through permeable rocks and sediments

water flowing through permeable rocks and sediments

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is the most effective way to reduce flood related damage?
restricting development on flood plains
constructing new buildings
paving new roads
building expensive levees
creating exposed, barren hillsides by clear cutting woodlands

restricting development on flood plains

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Saltwater and saline groundwater can be made drinkable by a process called trickle irrigation boiling reverse osmosis salinization osmosis

-reverse osmosis

The effects of flooding are more destructive today than in the past because buildings are constructed on flood plains deforestation all of these significantly contribute to flooding paving surfaces for roads and parking draining of wetlands

buildings are constructed on flood plains

The process of forcing saltwater through a permeable membrane in order to remove salt from ground water from the water is termed a. chlorination. b. distillation. c. reverse osmosis. d. saltwater intrusion. e. salinization.

-reverse osmosis

Most freshwater is present in the form of: water in rivers water in lakes groundwater ice caps and glaciers atmospheric water vapor

ice caps and glaciers

Artificial lakes in which water is stored for later use are called estuaries reservoirs lakes cisterns ponds

-reservoirs

Which of the following have a vested interest in resolving the water rights controversy along the Mississippi river? A. farmers B. Native Americans C. recreational and tourism groups D. hydroelectric producers E. all of these groups have a vested interest

all of these groups have a vested interest

One way to make agricultural water more sustainable is through microirrigation plot flooding "use it or lose it" water allotments for farmers international water swaps water diversion

-microirrigation

Nonportable water that has already been used once but is reused for toilets or car washing is called household water gray water secondhand water reclaimed water xeriscaped water

-gray water

Which of the following countries does not face significant water supply challenges? Which of the following countries does NOT face significant water supply challenges? A. United States B. Iraq C. China D. Mexico E. None; all of these countries face water supply challenges.

none: all of these countries face water supply challenges

Desalinization is a particularly large industry in A. Arizona B. France C. Russia D. Saudi Arabia E. Denmark

Saudi Arabia

The average U.S. citizen can conserve water by

All of these choices can help conserve water

The upper limit of an unconfined underground reservoir of water is termed the watershed water table groundwater aquifer wetland

water table

Complete the following analogy: Dam is to ___ an levee is to ____. A. xeriscaping / hydroponics B. electricity / natural gas C. reservoir / flood plain D. stable runoff / reclaimed water E. aquifer / drainage basin

-reservoir / flood plain

All of the following are successful motivators for consumers to conserve water EXCEPT: All these choices are true effective education increased water prices improved technology water rationing

water rationing

In many developing countries, individuals A. utilize excessive amounts of water for irrigation. B. consume about 200 gallons of fresh water per day. C. have insufficient water to meet basic drinking and household needs. D. use the most current technology to increase their water use efficiency. E. rely on desalinization to provide the majority of their water needs.

have insufficient water to meet basic drinking and household needs

Planting the same crop year after year a) does not deplete essential nutrients from the soil b) increases damage by insects and disease c) will slowly increase crop yields d) decreases soil erosion e) is a new and innovative agricultural practice

increases damage by insects and disease

Increased soil erosion may be caused by all of the following except: construction of buildings construction of shelterbelts agriculture clearcutting large forested areas construction of roads

-construction of shelterbelts

Mulch: a) helps to control weeds. b) reduces evaporation. c) extends the growing season. d) decreases soil erosion. e) All of these choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

organic fertilizers: a) have nutrients immediately available to plants. b) can consist of manure, crop residues, or bone meal. c) are quickly leached out of the soil by rain. d) are manufactured. e) have minimal effect on the production of a given crop.

can consist of manure, crop residues, or bone meal.

The soils of tropical rain forests tend to be nutrient poor due to a. extensive wind erosion. b. the fact that nutrient minerals are stored primarily in the vegetation. c. removal of native plants, largely grasses, depleting the nutrient minerals. d. sediment washing into streams from intact forests. Incorrect e. poor crop rotation practices in slash-and-burn agriculture.

the fact that nutrient minerals are stored primarily in the vegetation

Soil degradation is primarily attributed to a) erosion, excessive tillage and coastal location b) exhaustion of parent material, severe climate c) poor agricultural practices, overgrazing and deforestation d) wildfires, surplus soil organisms and dense vegetation e) heavy rainfall, agroforestry and crop rotation

poor agricultural practices, overgrazing, and deforestation

A(n) _____ is a type of soil that usually forms in colder climates beneath coniferous forests and makes poor farm land because it is often too acidic and nutrient poor. a) mollisol. b) oxisol. c) aridisol. d) alfisol. e) spodosol.

-spodosol

Which of the following two regions have the largest land areas with extensive soil damage? a) Europe and Asia b) North and South America c) Africa and Asia d) Europe and South America e) Africa and North America

Africa and Asia

A major problem with conservation tillage is a) the soil becomes compact. b) soil erosion increases. c) it increases insect populations. d) it requires greater use of herbicides to control weeds. e) the soil contains less organic matter.

it requires greater use of herbicides to control weeds

which of the following is not true of conservation tilling? a) a method of cultivation in which residues from previous crops are left in the soil b) residues are partially covering soil and helping it to hold seeds c) there are several types including no tilling d) over 70% of US farmland was planted using conservation tilling in the early 2000s e) all these are false

over 70% of U.S. farmland was planted using conservation tilling in the early 2000s

The difference between compost and mulch is: a) compost is mixed into soil to improve fertility; mulch is placed on soil's surface to control weeds and retain moisture. b) compost is made of inorganic materials; mulch is made of organic materials. c) compost is used in landfills, individual property owners use mulch. d) composting is an expensive commercial process; mulching is a do-it-yourself endeavor. e) There is no difference. Mulch and compost are synonyms.

compost is mixed into soil to improve fertility; mulch is placed on soil's surface to control weeds and retain moisture

soil is composed of air mineral particles water. All of these organic materials

all of these

The 1930s Dust Bowl in the western United States is an example of a) the use of flood plains for agriculture leading to desertification b) the relationship between economics and annual precipitation c) human activities not being the cause of or accentuating soil problems d) the natural cycle of climate disasters in that region e) prolonged drought and accelerated wind erosion caused by use of marginal land for agriculture

prolonged drought and accelerated wind erosion caused by use of marginal land for agriculture

A(n) _________ is a type of soil that forms in tropical and subtropical regions where organic material decomposes so fast there is very little A-horizon. a) mollisol. b) oxisol. c) aridisol. d) alfisol. e) spodosol.

oxisol

Scientists know relatively little about the roles of most soil organisms because

it is hard to study them in a natural environment

Worldwide, 75 billion metric tons (83 billion tons) of topsoil are lost annually, primarily due to: a. poor agricultural practices. b. global warming. c. ozone depletion. d. the soil rustler's black market. e. conservation tillage.

poor agricultural practices

The removal of dissolved minerals from the soil as water moves downward is called: a. illuviation. b. leaching. c. deposition. d. decomposition. e. weathering.

leaching

Humus is composed of a) weathered rocks b) fresh leaf litter c) iron and aluminum compounds. d) decomposed organic matter. e) various inorganic minerals.

decomposed organic matter

compost is a) a natural fertilizer b) used to minimize soil erosion. c) placed on the soil surface when used. d) used to minimize water loss from the soil. e) used to control weeds.

a natural fertilizer

soil is formed from parent material by biological, chemical, and physical ____ ________. digestion processes composting leaching terracing weathering processes

weathering processes

which of the following may affect the mineral composition of soil?

All of these

The deposition of leached material in the lower layers of the soil is called:

illuviation

the uppermost layer of soil that is rich in plant litter and other organic material is the a) A horizon. b) B horizon. c) C horizon. d) O horizon. e) E horizon.

O horizon

The ____ is a lighter-colored soil layer where iron and aluminum often accumulate a) A horizon. b) B horizon. c) C horizon. d) O horizon. e) E horizon.

B horizon

The Four ways to get rid of solid waste are: Dump it, bury it, burn it, or eat it Dump it, bury it, burn it, or compost it Dump it, bury it, freeze it, or compost it None of these

Dump it, bury it, burn it, or compost it

Which of the following statements about tropical rain forests is false? Approximately 1% of tropical rain forests are being cleared or degraded every decade Most species that live in tropical rain forests are endemic The forest itself generates much of the rainfall in tropical rain forests Migratory birds that winter in tropical rain forests are declining

Approximately 1% of tropical rain forests are being cleared or degraded every decade

A species in imminent danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range is said to be: endemic endangered threatened invasive commercially extinct

endangered

Endemic species: all of these choices are correct often have small populations have few natural defenses represent a high percentage of recently extinct (bird) species are commonly found on islands

all of these choices are correct

Which of the following affects organisms even in undisturbed, natural ecosystems? acid precipitation all of these choices are correct thermal pollution global warming ozone depletion

all of these choices are correct

Which of the following have been linked to the dramatic global decline of amphibian populations? infectious diseases drainage of wetlands pollutants global climate warming all of these choices are correct

All of the above

All of the following are benefits of coastal wetlands except: reduced flooding through their ability to hold excess water reduced impact of ozone depletion Produce important commercial products improved water quality Provide habitat for endangered species

reduced impact of ozone depletion

Sustainable agricultural practices are characterized by all of the following except: crop selection water and energy conservation monoculture use of manure as a fertilizer increasing biological diversity to control pests

monoculture

Which of the following techniques is used to identify structural traps that might contain oil and natural gas? watch plate tectonics and drill test holes and obtain rock samples satellite imaging mining drill test holes and obtain rock samples watch plate tectonics

Today the world’s main energy source is coal hydroelectric oil nuclear natural gas

oil

The fact that solar systems only generate electricity during the day is typically not a problem because: they are often located in deserts demand for electricity is often highest during the day many photovoltaic cells continue to generate electricity through the night the electricity can be used to power Stirling engines they currently do not produce much electricity on a global scale

demand for electricity is often highest during the day

A mixture of hydrocarbons contained in oil shale is referred to as: overburden bitumen gas hydrate anhtracite kerogen

kerogen

How has the burning of fossil fuels affected the global carbon cycle? Less carbon is stored underground The amount of carbon taken up by plants has decreased Carbon is stored underground for longer periods of time The carbon cycle has slowed down The total amount of carbon on earth has increased

Less carbon is stored underground

Which fossil fuel is most abundant in North America? oil uranium peat natural gas coal

coal

The energy released in the burning of biomass fuels: All of these was stored as chemical energy in plant tissues or animal waste products originated as solar energy was initially converted from solar energy to chemical energy by the process of photosynthesis is one of the oldest fuels known to humans

all of these

Which of the following countries has the largest deposits of the element uranium? Australia Canada Afghanistan South Africa United States

Australia

Potential locations for wind farms include: All of these places mountain passes coastal areas islands grasslands

All of these places

Many sun-tracking mirrors are used to focus sunlight on a central tower boiler to produce steam to drive generators. This best describes: indirect solar energy active solar heating photovoltaic solar cells solar power towers passive solar heating

solar power towers

A 2008 study by researchers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography predicts climate change over the next 50 years will result in: flow in the Colorado River decreasing by 10-30%. flow in the Colorado River increasing due to warmer and wetter air masses Lake Mead being unable to supply water to San Francisco. greater saltwater intrusion along the Pacific Coast Hoover Dam producing 10% more electricity

flow in the Colorado River decreasing by 10-30%.

The basis for most of water's physical properties is/are: All of these choices are correct ionic bonds the hydrogen bonds between adjacent molecules its non-polar structure its status as a positive ion

the hydrogen bonds between adjacent molecules

Insects are an important biological resource because they: produce antibiotics help control weeds and insect pests fix nitrogen in the soil prevent soil erosion help control the severity of local flooding

help control weeds and insect pests

The introduction of a foreign species onto an island is an example of: commercial extinction biotic pollution background extinction endemism commercial harvest

biotic pollution

Which of the following is a disadvantage of restoration ecology? all of these choices are correct long time periods required for restoration to occur high cost lack of positive results in habitats such as Tallgrass Prairie Both high cost and the long time periods required for restoration to occur are disadvantages

high cost

Which of the following statements is NOT true about public planning of land use? All of these statements are true Initial land development spawns additional land development Public planning is concerned primarily with immediate effects Land use decisions are complex because they have multiple effects Public planning of land should take all repercussions into account

All of these statements are true

Bacteria and fungi are important to humans because they: pollinate crop plants provide shelter provide foods and antibiotics help control weeds deplete nutrient minerals in the soil

provide foods and antibiotics

Which fossil fuel reserves will most likely last the longest? a) oil b) natural gas c) coal d) peat e) uranium

Peat

The most common foods eaten in the world today are: corn (maize), rice, sweet potato, and wheat corn, rice, and wheat barley, corn, rice, and wheat corn, potato, soybean, and rice cassava, potato, rice, and wheat

corn, rice, and wheat

Anthracite coal a) causes the most air pollution b) has the highest sulfur content c) is very hard and burns cleanly d) is the most abundant grade of coal e) is very soft and burns at high temperatures

is very hard and burns cleanly

Bituminous coal: a) is the most common grade of coal b) causes the least amount of air pollution of any type of coal c) is very soft and burns at high temperatures d) is very hard and burns cleanly e) has the lowest sulfur content of any type of coal

is the most common grade of coal

Lignite coal: a) is the most common grade of coal b) causes the least amount of air pollution of any type of coal c) is very soft and has a relatively low heat value d) is very hard and burns cleanly e) has the lowest sulfur content of any type of coal

is very soft and has a relatively low heat value

The world's coal reserves could last for possibly another: a) 20 years b) 50 years c) 100 years d) 200 years e) 500 years

200

The legislation that has regulated mining activities in the United States since 1977 is the: a) Wilderness Act b) Clean Water Act c) Endangered Species Act d) Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act e) Soil Conservation Service Act

Surface mining control and reclamation act

Scrubbers in smoke stacks remove large amounts of what major air pollutant? a) carbon dioxide b) sulfur oxides c) nitric acid d) sodium oxides e) mercury

sulfur oxides

What is the current state of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology for use in coal power plants? a) The theory of CCS technology is established, but an adequate design of a CCS mechanism has not been developed b) CCS technology is not yet ready for testing in power plants c) CCS technology has been tested many times and was found to be inadequate for meeting current capture and storage needs d) CCS technology is ready to be implemented on a large scale e) CCS technology is being tested on a very small scale

CCS technology is being tested on a very small scale

It is hypothesized that undiscovered large oil deposits are located a) In the continental United States b) In locations where volcanoes are common c) Below ocean basin trenches d)In locations where natural gas will not be found e) Under the continental shelves

under the continental shelves

Petrochemicals are used in the production of all of the following except: a) Lightweight concrete b) Paints c) Synthetic fibers d) Fertilizers e) Medicines

lightweight concrete

Which of these statements about coal is false? a) Some types of coal contain a lot of sulfur b) Subsurface mining accounts for about 40% of the coal mined in the U.S. c) Coal powered the steam engine during the Industrial Revolution d) Coal supplies about 20% of the energy used in the United States e) Coal produces far less SO2 than natural gas or oil

Coal produces far less SO2 than natural gas or oil

The ____________ contains weathered pieces of rock and is found just above the solid bedrock. a) A horizon b) B horizon c) C horizon d) O horizon e) E horizon

C horizon

Science Final Flashcards

(101 cards)