Science Final part 3 Flashcards
Any inherited characteristic that decreases the effect of a pesticide on a pest is known as:
genetic resistance
biological amplification
resistance management
bioaccumulation
persistence
genetic resistance
A predicament where the cost of applying pesticide increases while their effectiveness decreases is called:
the pesticide treadmill
chemical control
biological magnification
persistence
resistance management
the pesticide treadmill
One problem associated with pesticides is that they:
all of these statements are correct
do not stay where they are applied
tend to move through water and soil
may move great distances from the point of application
can be transported through the atmosphere
all of these statements are correct
Using a combination of biological, chemical and cultural methods to control pests is referred to as:
integrated pest management (IPM)
resistance management
biological magnification
scout-and-spray
biological control
integrated pest management (IPM)
The techniques of using naturally occurring disease organisms, parasites, or predators to control pests is called:
biological control
biological amplification
biological magnification
bioaccumulation
genetic control
biological control
Which of the following terms is NOT correctly paired with its description?
selective herbicides - kill all vegetation
grass herbicides - safe for most plants
broad-leaf herbicides - do not kill grasses
nonselective herbicides - kill all vegetation
none of these
selective herbicides - kill all vegetation
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants requires that countries develop plans to eliminate production and use of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP’s). Countries have been granted an exception to this requirement for DDT because:
it is an inexpensive method to control mosquitoes in countries where no affordable alternatives exist
none of these choices is correct
many countries have stockpiled large amounts of ddt, and it would be difficult and costly to eliminate all of it
it is the only method to effectively control the mosquitoes that carry malaria
it is found naturally in several plant species
it is an inexpensive method to control mosquitoes in countries where no affordable alternatives exist
Monocultures _________the number of agricultural pests found in any one area due to the __________ of the habitat.
increase / uniformity
decrease / uniformity
decrease / complexity
increase / complexity
have no effect / hardiness
increase / uniformity
Which of the following is a strategy to reduce pesticide use?
all of these choices are correct
using improved pesticide application equipment
adopting IPM practices
applying pesticide only when needed
removing subsidies that encourage pesticide use
all of these choices are correct
Bioaccumulation is the buildup of a persistent pesticide in __________ .
Biomagnification is the buildup of a persistent pesticide in __________ .
an individual organism’s body; organisms at the top of the food chain
living tissue; air, water and soil
plants; animals
an individual’s blood stream; an individual’s fatty tissues
oceans and seas; lakes and ponds
an individual organism’s body; organisms at the top of the food chain
One of the fundamental premises associated with IPM is:
education in agricultural strategies
knowledge of the dates on which pesticide spraying should occur
economic gain is foremost
the eradication of pest organisms
perfect produce is best
education in agricultural strategies
Which type of insecticide is the most poisonous and is highly toxic to birds, bees, and aquatic organisms?
organophosphates
carbamates
DDT
selective herbicides
chlorinated hydrocarbons
organophosphates
First-generation pesticides are __________ and second-generation pesticides are _________.
both inorganic compounds and botanicals - synthetic poisons
none of these choices is correct
both inorganic compounds and botanicals - only inorganic compounds
botanicals - organic compounds that contain phosphorous
organic compounds containing chlorine - synthetic poisons
both inorganic compounds and botanicals - synthetic poisons
Identify the true statement about the Hanford Nuclear Reservation
- bioremediation has been effective in reducing radioactive pollutants
- hanford site is second to Yucca Mountain, Nevada, in terms of contamination from radioactive waste
- cleanup being conducted by US DOE
- once cleanup completed, site will be used for public park
- once cleanup completed, hanford site will remain hazardous for approx. 100 years
cleanup being conducted by US Department Of Energy
if we recycled or reused all municipal solid waste that is produced in the US, how much would this reduce our total national production of solid waste?
- 100
- 75
- 40
- 20
- 2
2
What is the most successful recycling program in the US?
- aluminum cans
- old computers
- glass
- plastic
- tires
aluminum cans
Who pays for cleanup of toxic sites in the Superfund program?
- those who transported wastes to the site
- those who dumped wastes on the site
- prior owners of the site
- current owners of the site
- all of these are correct
all of these are correct
identify false statement about landfills:
- most sanitary landfill today meet current standards for new landfills
- landfills produce methane gas
- landfills have ability to contaminate surface and ground water
- new landfills are being opened to replace old ones
- most common disposal option for solid waste produced in the US
most sanitary landfills today meet current standards for new landfills
The materials in municipal solid waste that are best for incineration are:
- food wastes, glass and paper
- food wastes, paper and rubber
- glass, plastics, and paper
- paper, plastics and rubber
- yard wastes, rubber and plastic
paper, plastics and rubber
The human population today is approximately
a. 300 million
b. 1.3 million
c. 6.8 billion
d. 10 billion
6.8 billion
Which fertility rate keeps the population size stable?
a. replacement fertility
b. stable fertility
c. balanced sex ratio
d. total fertility rate
replacement fertility
How individuals of different ages are distributed in a population is called the population’s
a. age ratio
b. age structure
c. sex ratio
d. sex structure
age structure
The model that describes how industrialized nations undergo a large drop in birthrates and rates is called
a. life expectancy
b. demography
c. the fertility rate transition
d. the demographic transition
the demographic transition
Which of these factors does NOT affect population growth?
a. educating women
b. poverty
c. statistics
d. policy
statistics
