Science Final 2025 Full Review

Question 1

The process by which a stable internal environment is
maintained despite changes in the external environment.

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

What are important variables within the body that are part of homeostasis?

Answer 2

 blood sugar
 fluid balance
 body temperature
 oxygen levels
 blood pressure
 pH

Question 3

Why are mutations important?

Answer 3

Mutation is important as the first step of evolution because it creates a new DNA sequence for a particular gene, creating a new allele.

Question 4

What are the levels of organization?

Answer 4

Cells ➡️ Tissues ➡️ Organs ➡️ Organ System ➡️ Organism

Question 5

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 5

Cells

Question 6

What are the four biomolecules?

Answer 6

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 7

What are the nucleobases of DNA?

Answer 7

Thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine (CATG)

Question 8

What are the nucleobases of RNA?

Answer 8

Uracil, cytosine, adenine, guanine

Question 9

What do uracil and thymine pair with?

Answer 9

Adenine

Question 10

What does guanine pair with?

Answer 10

Cytosine

Question 11

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 11

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Question 12

(cell division of somatic cells)

Answer 12

Mitosis

Question 13

(cell division of gametes)

Answer 13

Meiosis

Question 14

What is the difference between meiosis 1 and 2?

Answer 14

Meiosis 1: Homologous chromosomes separate
Meiosis 2: Sister chromatids separate

Question 15

performs cellular respiration by breaking down sugar into ATP energy in the presence of O2.

Answer 15

Mitochondria

Question 16

convert sunlight, water, and CO2 into sugar.

Answer 16

Chloroplasts

Question 17

provides plants with structure so that they can hold more
water and grow tall

Answer 17

Cell Wall

Question 18

regulates what goes into and out of the cell

Answer 18

Cell membrane

Question 19

makes proteins (protein synthesis)

Answer 19

Ribosome

Question 20

control center of the cell where DNA is located

Answer 20

Nucleus

Question 21

a rope of condensed DNA and proteins wound tight

Answer 21

Chromosomes

Question 22

storage for the cell for food and water

Answer 22

Vacuole

Question 23

the jelly-like substance which holds the organelles

Answer 23

Cytoplasm

Question 24

What do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

Answer 24

Cell wall, chloroplasts, and rectangular shape

Question 25

What do animal cells have what plant cells do not?

Answer 25

Flagella and round shape

Question 26

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 26

C6H12O6+O2=ATP+Co2+H2O

Question 27

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 27

CO2+H20+Light=C6H12O6+O2

Question 28

shows chromosome size and shape and number. Can predict certain genetic defects and determine the sex.

Answer 28

Karyotype

Question 29

a pair of alleles that is the same (either AA or aa)

Answer 29

Homozygous

Question 30

a pair of alleles that are different (Aa)

Answer 30

Heterozygous

Question 31

the stronger allele which is expressed even with a recessive copy

Answer 31

Dominant

Question 32

the weaker form of the gene only expressed if homozygous recessive

Answer 32

Recessive

Question 33

a specific sequence of nucleotides that code for a protein.

Answer 33

Gene

Question 34

What are the three types of asexual reproduction?

Answer 34

Binary fission. budding, fragmentation

Question 35

What are characteristics of asexual reproduction?

Answer 35

-One parent -Identical offspring -Less developed organisms -Faster time period

Question 36

What are the characteristics of sexual reproduction?

Answer 36

-Two parents -Unique Offspring -More complex organisms -Slower time period

Question 37

the branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms; systematics.

Answer 37

Taxonomy

Question 38

makes its own sugar from sunlight to be used as food.

Answer 38

Autotroph

Question 39

eats or absorbs its own food for energy.

Answer 39

Heterotroph

Question 40

herbivore eats only plants

Answer 40

Producer

Question 41

eats other consumers (carnivore) and (omnivore) /or producers (herbivore).

Answer 41

Consumer

Question 42

breaks down dying or dead organisms –heterotrophic

Answer 42

Decomposer

Question 43

fittest organisms live to reproduce.

Answer 43

Evolution

Question 44

the least fit organisms will die before having offspring thereby losing their genes as part of the gene pool.

Answer 44

Natural Selection

Question 45

when pressure and mutation lead to adaptation and eventually a new species.

Answer 45

Speciation

Question 46

many embryos looks similar showing common development among animals

Answer 46

Embryonic development evidence

Question 47

when organisms share common physical characteristics showing evidence of a common ancestor

Answer 47

Homology Evidence

Question 48

when organisms are separated by a physical barrier and are reproductively isolated thereby allowing natural selection and evolution.

Answer 48

Geographical evidence

Question 49

What is antibiotic resistance and what causes it?

Answer 49

antibiotics kill the “weak” bacteria and the “strong” develop resistance to the drug and growth persists.

Question 50

What do fungi have in common with animals?

Answer 50

-trophic level -heterotrophic -multicellular -eukaryotic -motile -have chitin

Question 51

What is the relationship between the soil layers?

Answer 51

Top layers are the newest and bottom layers are the oldest.

Question 52

What are the eleven body systems?

Answer 52

Nervous, Endocrine, Excretory, Integumentary, Reproductive, Circulatory, Digestive, Skeletal, Muscular, Immune, Respiratory