Science Lessons 6-9 Test Review

Question 1

What is pollution and give examples

Answer 1

pollution is any harmful contaminants released into the environment.
ex. acid precipitation, plastics, garbage, pesticides, fertilizers, chemical spills

Question 2

what is acid precipitation

Answer 2

-acid rain is caused by industrial processes and burning of fossil fuels
-compounds that are released as emissions into the atmosphere are sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen. These chemicals form acids with the water vapor in the atmosphere through chemical reactions

Question 3

acid precipitation effects

Answer 3

it causes health problems, acid leaching, damage to vegetation, acidification of lakes, soil depletion, and corrosion of buildings and auto mobiles

Question 4

what is an example of a Canadian city that experienced significant historical acid precipitation due to industrial mining

Answer 4

sudbury

Question 5

based on ocean water flow __ called ocean __ plastic accumulate in several large areas of rotation water in the ocean

Answer 5

based on ocean water flow pattern called ocean gyres plastic accumulate in several large areas of rotation water in the ocean

Question 6

bioaccumulation

Answer 6

The gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides, or other chemicals in an organism.(eg. DDT and bald eagles)

Question 7

large plastics can __, __, __. or __ aquatic organisms

Answer 7

large plastics can entangle, attach, kill. or main aquatic organisms

Question 8

plastics can get broken down into tiny fragments called?

Answer 8

microplastics

Question 9

microplastics can cause __ to be absorbed from the environment. Microplastics in our __ water and __ sources is considered a growing risk.

Answer 9

microplastics can cause chemicals to be absorbed from the environment. Microplastics in our drinking water and water sources (eg. fish) is considered a growing risk.

Question 10

microplastic can be absorbed and are know __ __ that enter the environment

Answer 10

microplastic can be absorbed and are know carcinogens chemicals that enter the environment

Question 11

oil spills can occur due to __

Answer 11

international shipping

Question 12

oil is __ and slow to __

Answer 12

oil is toxic and slow to break down

Question 13

why are sea birds and animals that swim near the surface vulnerable

Answer 13

because oil floats on water

Question 14

how can oil affect animals

Answer 14

oil cause organ damage to animals and hinders the insulation of birds feathers

Question 15

what are 3 ways to repair damage of oil spills?

Answer 15

skimming, vacuuming, bioremediation (microorganisms that feed on oil)

Question 16

fertilizers are important part of modern-day __ disrupt __ cycles and can __ the environment

Answer 16

fertilizers are important part of modern-day agriculture disrupt biogeochemical cycles and can pollute the environment

Question 17

which cause more ecological damage: synthetic (human made) or natural fertilizers

Answer 17

synthetic fertilizers cause more damage

Question 18

when do fertilizers have negative impacts on groundwater

Answer 18

when they are leached in the soil

Question 19

what is leaching

Answer 19

the process which nutrients are removed from the water as water passes through it

Question 20

why are synthetic fertilizers particularly concerning

Answer 20

because they are high in nitrogen levels that can cause health problems to humans, especially infants

Question 21

aquatic fertilizers runoff can harm aquatic ecosystems because they can cause __. this is caused by algae which grow due to the fertilizer and then die and decompose. the __ that assists the decomposition uses too much dissolved __ from the water. this kills __ and other aquatic organisms.

Answer 21

aquatic fertilizers runoff can harm aquatic ecosystems because they can cause algae bloom. this is caused by algae which grow due to the fertilizer and then die and decompose. the bacteria that assists the decomposition uses too much dissolved oxygen from the water. this kills fish and other aquatic organisms.

Question 22

how do pesticides help farmers

Answer 22

pesticides help farmers kill pests, which increase food production

Question 23

what are pesticides used to control (4)

Answer 23

weeds, insects, rodents, fungi, and others

Question 24

example of what pesticides are used to kill

Answer 24

insects such as mosquitos to prevent diseases (eg. malaria west nile virus)

Question 25

where a pesticides spayed on

Answer 25

fields, forests, and gardens

Question 26

when can bioaccumulation occur

Answer 26

when higher food chain organism consume other organisms which have ingested pesticides

Question 27

what happens to plants and insects overtime

Answer 27

pesticides become less effective over time as plants and insects become resistant to the spays (thereby creating stronger pests)

Question 28

define carbon cycle

Answer 28

the series of processes that moves carbon compounds throughout the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere

Question 29

what is carbon cycled by

Answer 29

processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Question 30

most of the earths carbon is not cycled. what deposits is this carbon stored in? how do they form?

Answer 30

-deposits in coal, limestone, ocean sediments, shells of marine animals, oil, and natural gas
-form when decomposed organisms are compressed over millions of years

Question 31

what is the water cycle? what’s transpiration?

Answer 31

-the processes that moves water through the environment
-water be taken in by plants roots may be released from leaves in a a process called transpiration

Question 32

what are decomposers

Answer 32

fungi and bacteria that break down waste and dead producers and consumers into chemicals that producers can then use

Question 33

what is the importance of nitrogen for plants and consumers

Answer 33

-plants require nitrogen to grow
-vital for consumers to live, grow, and reproduce

Question 34

identify four substances that cycle through an ecosystem

Answer 34

water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Question 35

what do putting out forest fires leads to in terms of forests?

Answer 35

leads to forests that are overly thick and dense

Question 36

what are dry branches and dry vegetation referred to as and why

Answer 36

they are referred to as ladder fuels because if sparked by extreme heat or lightning, these flames move more quickly up a tree like a ladder, and burn the entire canopy

Question 37

what can high intensity fires result in?

Answer 37

-can be devastating resulting in dead trees, nutrient-depleted soil, and less carbon sequestering

Question 38

what is carbon sequestering?

Answer 38

when carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and held in liquid or solid form

Question 39

what do high intensity forest fires affect how much carbon is released

Answer 39

high intensity forest fires release large amounts of carbon into the air, but decaying forests loose their ability to absorb carbon. as living matter dies more carbon is released into the air.