Science: The organelles Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is cytoplasm?
A clear, jelly-like fluid within the cell that contains the organelles.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
To move materials throughout the cell and cushion the organelles.
What is the cell membrane?
It surrounds the cell, and controls what goes in and out of the cell (food, water, oxygen). It’s selectively permeable.
Is the cell membrane found in plant or animal cells?
It’s found in both.
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
The cell membrane is made of the phospholipid bilayer. It is what allows certain molecules to go in and out of the cell. It has a protein pore channel that allows certain molecules that are too big to pass through the phospholipid bilayer itself, to enter the cell.
What is the cell wall?
It supports and protects the cells with it’s rigid, protective barrier, and is located outside of the cell membrane (surrounds it).
What type of organisms have a cell wall? Why do they need it?
Plant and bacterial cells because they need to have an extra protective layer for their harsh environments.
What is a nucleus? Why is it important?
It directs all the cell’s activities (usually one per cell). It’s important because it contains all the cell’s DNA.
What are chromatin?
They are strands of DNA that eventually turn into chromosomes. The double helix are condensed enough to be strands, but they are not cromosomes yet.
What is the nuclear envelope?
It is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
What is the nucleolus?
It is the area of the nucleus that makes ribosomes.
What is the mitochodria?
It converts energy in food molecules to energy that the cell can use. It is bound by a double membrane.
What is special about it?
It contains its own strand of DNA.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
It is passageways that move proteins and other materials around inside the cell (the transportation system). It’s connected to the nuclear membrane.
What is the difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER?
The rough ER is studded with ribosomes and makes proteins, and the smooth ER has no ribosomes and makes lipids.
What is a ribosome?
They’re found attached to the ER, as well as loose in the cytoplasm; they are where proteins are made/synthesized.
Where are ribosomes produced?
They’re produced in the nucleolus.
What are the golgi apparatus/bodies?
They receive proteins from the ER, packages them and sends them to another part of the cell; or out of the cell into another cell.
What are chloroplasts? What type of organisms are they in?
Chloroplasts capture the energy from the sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell (aka the process of photosynthesis). They’re found only in autotrophic organisms (Plants and some unicellular organisms).
What is chlorophyll?
it is the green pigment in chloroplasts
What are the vacuole/s?
Stores food, water, or waste in cells.
How are vacuoles in animal and plant cells different?
Plant cells usually have a large central vacuole, and animal cells usually have many smaller vacuoles or none.
What are lysosomes? What do they contain?
They break down things in the cell (large food particles or wastes). They contain digestive enzymes that break down food or waste when it attaches to the vacuole.
Why aren’t lysosomes in plants?
Because they’re autotrophs, they don’t produce food particles or waste products, so they don’t need the lysosomes to break anything down.
