Science Week 2

Question 1

What is Electron Configuration?

Answer 1

• how the electrons exist around the nucleus
• determines how many electrons are lost or gained
• determines how atoms bond

Question 2

What are the Basic Rules for EC?

Answer 2

• electrons fill from bottom energy level up

- electrons are lost or gained from the outer most shell (valence level)

Question 3

Energy Levels and Orbital Shells

Answer 3

Energy levels —> 1-7
Orbital Shells —> s, p, d, f

Level 1 ---> s Orbital                        
Level 2 ---> s, p Orbitals
Level 3 ---> s, p, d Orbitals
Level 4 ---> s, p, d, f Orbitals
Level 5 ---> s, p, d, f, ?          
Level 6 ---> s, p, d, f , ?, ?
Level ---> s, p, d, f, ?, ?, ? 

Levels 5,6,7 —> speculation only - no atoms exist yet

Question 4

Orbitals?

Answer 4

• a region the electrons occupy around the nucleus

- each sub-orbital holds a maximum of two electrons

Question 5

Valency

Answer 5

• a value given to an atom

- based on how many electrons the atom has a tendency to gain/lose

Question 6

Group 1

Answer 6

Alkaline Metals

• 1 electron in valence shell
• wants to get rid off that electron
• atoms become charged —> +1

Valency is +1

Question 7

Group 2

Answer 7

Alkaline Earth Metals

• 2 electrons in valence shell
• wants to get rid of two electrons
• becomes charged —> +2

Valency +2

Question 8

Group 17

Answer 8

Halogens

• one gap in valence shell
• wants to gain 1 electron
• becomes charged —> -1

Valency -1

Question 9

Group 18

Answer 9

Noble Gases

• generally have full shells
• will not give away/accept electrons

Valency 0

Question 10

Ionic Bonding

Answer 10

• bond between 2 ions
  
  • ion is charged atom
  • atoms loses/gains electrons to become charged
• always between a metal and a non-metal
  
  • metals lose electrons —> form positive ions
  • non-metals gain electrons —> form negative ions