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728: Research > scientific method > Flashcards

scientific method Flashcards

1
Q

scientific methods 4 steps

A
  • hypothesis
  • observation
  • results
  • conclusion
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2
Q

hypotheses that is

A

testable is proposed

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3
Q

observations

A

objective

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4
Q

results are analyzed in

A

unbiased manner

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5
Q

conclusions proposed based on

A

results of study and previous knowledge

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6
Q

research

A

systematic

investigating subject

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7
Q

science

A

systematic
objective study
empirical phenomenon see, hear, feel, touch, results in a body of knowledge

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8
Q

scientific theory

A
  • comprehensive explanation of things (empirical) you saw

- uses deductive reason always tries to predict laws and relationships using cause and effect

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9
Q

theory building

A

looking for patterns, compare your results to others, create body of language

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10
Q

theory

A

set of interrelated constucts, definitions, propositions that present systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with purpose of explaining or predicting phenomena

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11
Q

characteristics of a theory (7)

A
  1. technical vocabulary
  2. can be explained by a theory
  3. tentative set of beliefs that can be verified by scientific method
  4. theories can help predict events and simulate situations in laboratory
  5. theory allows researcher to interpret results and form conclusion
  6. theory generates knowledge and leads to development of further theory
  7. theory can be completely/ partially true or completey/ partially false
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12
Q

concepts

A

symbolic representation of something

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13
Q

constructs

A

abstract or mental representation inferred from situation that you don’t directly experience (see or feel)
ex: taking a shower we all do it differently or self care

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14
Q

relationship

A

connections between 2 concepts, 2 constructs, concept and construct
ex: child learns relationship between spoon and eating

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15
Q

proposition

A

see pattern in a bunch of relationship

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16
Q

theory

A

taking a lot of propositions and putting them together to (coherent) explain a whole phenomenon that is being studied

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17
Q

hypothesis

A

proposition that you want to test

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18
Q

research methodology

A

test hypotheses using a variety of research methods

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19
Q

data

A

collect objective, subjective, empirical data

20
Q

law

A

if hypotheses is proven you can make it into a law

21
Q

naturalistic inquiry

A

develop theory from observations

natural world, no experiment, no control, no manipulation, letting things happen and studying as is (natural)

22
Q

observations> concepts> constructs> development>

A

hypothesis generation> observation> refinement of constructs> theory formation

23
Q

dissonance

A

understanding of world, but you see something that you can’t explain, observe the world honestly

24
Q

objectivity

A

need to be self aware and understand your biases and put it aside

25
Q

perseverance

A

key, persistent because many times things will not go your way

26
Q

intellectual curiosity

A

curious about world around you, critique or laugh and if you make a mistake you have to accept it

27
Q

self criticism

A

accept criticism and change

need to be able to critique yourself

28
Q

creativity

A

open and creative with coming up with explanation

29
Q

integrity

A

honest to data, self, subject, methodology and process

30
Q

replication

A

whatever you do, anyone should be able to replicate your work, you are completely transparent

31
Q

good critical thinker

A
  • aware of your biases and look at things objectively
  • detail oriented
  • open minded
  • communicate clearly
  • active listener
  • think outside the box interpret things from other perspectives
32
Q

methods for research

A
  • quantitative

- qualitative

33
Q

quantitative

A
  • systematic ways of collecting objective numerical data
  • considerable control
  • example experiment in lab all materials are controlled
  • analysis of data statistical procedures
34
Q

quantitative characteristics

A
  • relatively small concepts or constructs
  • preconceived ideas of what relationship is (that’s why you have a hypotheses)
  • structured procedures and methods
  • formal instruments to collect data
35
Q

qualitative

A
  • systematic analyzing subjective narrative material
  • procedures has minimum researcher or no control (naturalisically)
  • difficult to replicate
  • analyzing 1 and compare the rest, look for patterns and constructs (not getting anything new, getting same data you can stop)
  • story doesn’t have to be verbal, written, pictures
  • no formal instruments
36
Q

philosophical bases for research

A
  • ontology
  • epistemology
  • experimental/quantitative
37
Q

ontology

A

what is reality?
way of looking at world and saying what is reality
qualitative believe in multiple reality

38
Q

epistemology

A

how do we come to know it?

  • observe
  • authority
  • research
  • occupational scientist
  • clinicians experience, present and share knowledge
39
Q

logical positivism

A

single reality
understood through collection and analysis of sense data
deductive research designs

40
Q

experimental continua of designs

A

based on degree of control, structure and purpose

41
Q

experimental/ quantitative

A
  • logical positivism

- experimental continua of designs

42
Q

naturalistic/ qualitative

A
  • postmodernism

- naturalistic continua of designs

43
Q

postmodernism

A

multiple realities
human experience is complex & cannot be understood by its parts
holistic views

44
Q

naturalistic continua of designs

A

based on purpose, degree of investigator involvement and investigator imposed
structure and control

45
Q

integrated research

A

mixing methods based on philosophy of pragmatism

46
Q

selection of research strategy is based on

A
  • your preferred way of knowing
  • level of knowledge development in topic
  • your research purpose

728: Research (15 decks)

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