Scientific Rationale of Current Trends in Clinical Studies of Micronutrients for Prevention of Chronic Diseases-Ch3

Question 1

HIGH RISK POPULATIONS FOR CAD

Answer 1

High homocysteine, high cholesterol and high C-reactive protein.

Question 2

HIGH RISK POPULATIONS FOR CAD

Answer 2

Statin drugs

Question 3

HIGH RISK POPULATIONS FOR CAD

Answer 3

Free radicals formed as a result of smoking, hyperglycemia (diabetes), free iron

Question 4

HIGH RISK POPULATIONS FOR AD AND PD

Answer 4

Increased oxidative stress and inflammation occur.

Question 5

In AD, free radicals are formed in the brain due to:

Answer 5

Partially used oxygen in mitochondria
Oxidation of acetylcholine
Conversion of amyloid precursor proteins to beta amyloid fragments
Impaired mitochondria function
Mutations of the amyloid precursor proteins (APP)
In PD the same factors are operating to generate free radicals in addition to oxidation of dopamine, gene mutations that affect mitochondria function
Pro inflammatory cytokines that are toxic to neurons.

Question 6

EFFECTS OF USING A SINGLE ANTIOXIDANT

Answer 6

Antioxidants quench free radicals and become a weak free radical in the process.
This weak free radical can be damaging if it is not reduced by another antioxidant.
The benefit of large doses of a single antioxidant in high risk populations may have the opposite of the intended effect.

Question 7

Supplemental glutathione is hydrolyzed by

Answer 7

digestive enzymes

Question 8

Lipoic acid and NAC will increase levels of

Answer 8

glutathione

Question 9

Vitamin C & CoQ10 recycle

Answer 9

Vit E