SCLOA - Examine the role of two cultural dimensions on behaviour Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in SCLOA - Examine the role of two cultural dimensions on behaviour Deck (11)
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1
Q

cultural dimension

A

factors that can be placed on a philosophical continuum

2
Q

characteristics of individualistic cultures

A
  • focus on self > others
  • individual autonomy and self-expression encouraged
  • people are viewed as unique individuals
3
Q

characteristics of collectivistic cultures

A
  • focus on others > self

- individual autonomy and self-expression not encouraged.

4
Q

effect of individualist/collectivist cultures on conformity

A

Smith and Bond (1993):

  • meta-analysis of 31 conformity studies
  • conformity was lower among participants from individualist cultures (North America and NW Europe) at 25%
  • collectivist cultures (Africa, Asia, Oceania, and South America) had higher conformity rates at 37%

Supporting study: Berry (1967)

5
Q

Berry (1967)

A
  • replicated Asch (1951) with Temne people and Inuits
  • found that Temne people conformed significantly more
  • likely due to the cooperative nature of their economy
  • as the Temne must survive on a single crop
  • so social agreement is important for the Temne
  • in contrast, Inuits forage for resources individually
6
Q

effect of individualist/collectivist cultures on conflict resolution

A
  • generally individualist cultures prefer to face conflict head-on (dominating conflict resolution style)
  • while collectivist cultures avoid conflict (conflict-avoidant resolution style)

Supporting study: Wei et al. (2001)

7
Q

Wei et al. (2001)

A
  • 600 managers in Singapore were randomly surveyed
  • participants included Japanese, Americans, and Chinese-Singaporeans working in MNCs, and Chinese-Singaporeans in local firms
  • found that Americans and a minority of Asians preferred dominating conflict
  • Asians, and Americans who had stayed in SG for 10+ years, tended to prefer conflict-avoidant
  • this somewhat confirms the hypothesis, but obviously there are exceptions
  • conclusion: conflict-resolution styles are complex and cannot be reduced to cultural dimensions alone
8
Q

characteristics of short-term time oriented cultures

A
  • not concerned with past traditions
  • impatient, present-oriented
  • prefers immediate results
9
Q

characteristics of long-term time oriented cultures

A
  • dynamic, future-oriented mentality
  • encourages delayed gratification
  • values long-standing traditions and values
10
Q

effect of time orientation on delayed gratification

A

Chen et al. (2005)

  • showed bicultural participants (who had been exposed to both Singaporean and American culture) collages of easily-recognisable photos relevant to one of the 2 cultures in order to selectively activate one
  • participants were asked to perform an online shopping scenario in order to purchase a novel
  • 2 shipping options: book could be delivered either within 4 business days for a standard fee, or the next day for a premium fee
  • US-activated participants tended to choose the premium delivery (valued immediate consumption) more than Singapore-activated participants
11
Q

effect of time orientation on conflict resolution

A

Basset (2004)

  • participants were BusMan university students of either Chinese or Australian origin
  • asked to analyse how a potential conflict between a Jap supervisor and Canadian visiting teacher might be resolved
  • generally the Chinese were more concerned ƒwith saving face and preserving relationships
  • Chinese tended to suggest solving problems and enhancing relationships at a dinner table or by giving gifts
  • Australians tended to focus more on policies and procedures rather than cultural etiquette, and were less concerned with loss of face

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