Screening Flashcards
(12 cards)
How many types of screening exist
List based screening: here some projects require an EIA (inclusive) or never require (exclusive)
Case by case screening :detailed comprehensive evaluation to determine if an EIA is needed.
Threshold based screening: this method relies on pre-established thresholds for certain project parameters and if the threshold is exceeded an EIA is required .
Is this true or false : the more the impact of the development or the project increases the more likely it is for an EIA to be done
True
How many EU directives are there for screening ?
Annex 1: more related to list based screening
Annex11: more related to case by case screening
Annex 111: related to case by case screening
What does annex 1 (article 4(1)say?
This list gives a list of projects that have a mandatory requirement for an EIA.
1. Crude oil refinery and installations for gasification/liquefaction of 500 tones of coal or more per day.
2. Thermal power stations or installations with a heat output of 300Megawatts or more.
3.Nuclear power stations or reactors including the decommissioning of said power station or reactors. This is excluding small scale research installations for the processing of nuclear materials with energy output less than 1killowatt
What are the projects covered in annex11?
Agri,silvi and aqua-culture
Industry eg chemical ,energy ,food,extraction,mineral,rubber,textile
Infrastructure
Tourism
Other ; eg waste management
What does article 4.2 say with regards to annex 11?
This article gives a set of conditions for EIA requirement for the projects mentioned in annex II.
For these projects member states decide whether the project requires an EIA and what type of EIA is required.
This screening by member states is either based in the case by case approach or threshold approach. This threshold is set by member states.
In some cases bothering criteria may be applied.
Breaking annexII and article 4.2: which projects are under focus in the agriculture sector?
Restructuring of rural land holdings.
Projects for the use uncultivated or semi natural areas for intensive agri purposes
Water management projects including drainage and irrigation
Afforestation and reforestation projects
These projects typically classified as change in land use management projects
True or false : when member states are making case by case decisions about whether an EIA is required they must consider the relevant selection criteria highlighted in annexIII.
True
What is annex III?
Annex II are the guiding principles for projects that fall in annex II Artcile 4.w . These projects are normally screened using case by case or threshold approaches.
AnnexxIII suggests that the screening consider the following criteria in order to identify projects with potential significant environmental impacts and evaluate those impacts:
1 .Characteristics of the project : size, availability of resources , risk of accidents, cumulative with other projects, production of waste, pollution and nuisances
2. Location of the projects : general sensitivity of the area, existing land use and presence of environmental problems, presence of protected areas, natural resource availability and quality, dense populations,culturally significant landscapes
- Characteristics of impacts on human and environmental health : which refers to the potential magnitude of the project , frequency, duration , probability,reversibility of project impacts ,extent , can the impacts extend beyond the project sites country borders (trans frontier)
True or false : member states shall ensure that information about decision making process of competent authorities is made available to the public .
True
Write down the advantages and disadvantages of using threshold approach for screening
Advantages : simple and quick to use
Consistent between locations
Consistent among project types
Consistent with other decisions within a location
Disadvantages: rules are set without proper justifications and are inflexible.
There is no room for use of common sense or expert judgement.
Leads to a proliferation of projects lying just below the threshold.
Difficult to set and change .
Write down the advantages and disadvantages of using case by case approach for screening
Advantages:
Allows for use of common sense and expert judgement .
Flexible and can incorporate several projects and environments
Can evolve and improve easily
Disadvantages:
Likely to be complex, slow and costly
Open to abuse by decision makers due to political and financial interests.
Reliance on past decisions can lead to a losss of flexibility .
