Script Quizzes Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is the range of visible wavelength for humans?
The range of visible wavelengths for healthy human eyes is between 400 and 700 nanometers.
What are the six steps of the perceptual process for humans?
1) Stimulus from external environment occurs;
2) Stimulus reaches the receptors of sensory organs;
3) The stimulation triggers impulses and results in response inside or outside the body;
4) The sensory information is organized and interpreted based on prior knowledge and experience;
5) Recognition occurs to attach meaning to percepts;
6) With the available information, people take action or have a specific behavior.
When people forget the password of their IU campus account, which memory process is most likely to cause this problem?
The campus account is forgotten from long-term memory.
What is the difference between short-term and long-term memory?
Information in STM is available only temporarily. The capacity of STM is limited to around seven items in a healthy adult, and the duration is about 20 seconds if not rehearsed. In contrast, for LTM, there is no limit on the capacity, and the duration can be a lifetime. The information stored in LTM can be available whenever a retrieval cue is provided.
What are the two types of thinking used in enhancing creative problem-solving?
Divergent and convergent thinking are two cognitive abilities to enhance people’s creative potential.
In Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, what kind of intelligence might determine whether a person could be a successful airplane pilot?
Spatial intelligence.
Please complete the following sentences.
______ (CR): In _____, a response elicited by some previously _____ occurs due to pairing the neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.
_____ (CS): In classical conditioning, a previously neutral stimulus elicits a conditioned response.
_____ (UCR): In classical conditioning, the response is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior training or learning.
_____ (UCS): In classical conditioning, the stimulus elicits an unconditioned response.
Conditioned response (CR): In classical conditioning, a response elicited by some previously neutral stimulus occurs due to pairing the neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned stimulus (CS): In classical conditioning, a previously neutral stimulus elicits a conditioned response.
Unconditioned response (UCR): In classical conditioning, the response is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior training or learning.
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS): In classical conditioning, the stimulus elicits an unconditioned response.
According to self-determination theory (SDT), what are the two categories of motivation?
Motivation is categorized into intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.
From the psychological perspective, what are the six universal human emotions?
The six basic emotions are happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise.
Please give an example of each attribution type to explain a person’s judgment about the causes of their failure in the final examination.
Internal attribution: The causes of a person’s failure may be laziness, poor memory, and other internal factors.
External attribution: The causes of a person’s failure may be the construction noise, the difficulty of the examination, and other external factors.
Please complete the following sentence.
When people believe that an expert’s interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more reliable and accurate, they will conform to the expert’s choice. This psychological phenomenon is called __________________.
informational social influence.
What are some positive ways to deal with feelings of anger?
1) Try to put yourself in the other person’s shoes and build a feeling of empathy.
2) Accept the negative feelings and receive problem-solving communication training, such as learning negotiation skills.
Please complete the following sentences.
According to social loafing theory, when individual effort in a group project cannot be identified, group members may become more relaxed, leading to __________ on __________.
However, people working collectively can __________ when solving __________.
Personal bias is a collection of attitudes toward people, events, or phenomena. Specifically, __________ is defined as an affective component of people’s attitudes about a specific group of people or events; a __________ is the cognitive component of attitude, and __________ is the behavioral component of people’s attitudes.
1) worse performance
2) simple tasks
3) improve performance
4) complex tasks
5) prejudice
6) stereotype
7) discrimination
Imagine you just received your first-aid certificate and witnessed a man suffering from heatstroke on a very warm summer day. Simultaneously, you do not see any others on the street. Please use Latané and Darley’s decision-making steps to evaluate the above situation and decide whether you will offer help.
Latané and Darley suggested five steps to go through an emergency:
1. You already noticed the man is suffering heatstroke and lays down on the floor.
2. You interpret the heatstroke as an emergency
3. You are the only potential help-giver and assume you have the responsibility to help
4. You know the appropriate form of assistance, such as calling an ambulance, giving the man cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), or getting the man out of the sun.
5. As a result, you decide to help.
What are the four job-related elements that KSAOs stand for?
KSAOs refer to employees’ knowledge, skills, abilities, and other personal characteristics at work.
What are the main research interests of industrial psychologists?
Industrial psychologists are interested in applying evidence-based principles and psychological theories to explain and investigate people’s emotions, motivations, and behaviors in the workplace, as well as supporting the work of practitioners and managers in organizations.
What is the difference between work-oriented and worker-oriented work analysis?
Work-oriented work analysis focuses on the nature of the position, duties, tasks, and activities that need to be carried out in the workplace. Worker-oriented work analysis focuses on what employees do at work and aims to provide a systematic description of the corresponding knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) of an employee that are required for the job.
What are the two characteristics of a formal work analysis?
Formal work analysis is (1) a systematic analysis procedure; and (2) a thorough description of individual job units.
What are the advantages of the home office for individual employees and organizations?
For employees, the home office provides high flexibility in their working locations and schedules. For organizations, it contributes to the workplace’s sustainability and lowers the organizational cost in the long run.
What are the main concerns of organizational psychologists?
Organizational psychologists focus on employee attitude, motivation, and leadership in the workplace. In addition, they are also concerned with team communication, corporate culture, and climate, representing a scientific explanation of individuals and organizations.
What is the most critical principle for psychologists when addressing practical problems in organizations?
Combining the research methods from psychology and executive management practices, psychologists insist on making evidence-based conclusions.
What are the five aspects of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory?
The five aspects of the cultural dimension theory are
1) individualism versus collectivism
2) power distance
3) uncertainty avoidance
4) masculinity versus femininity
5) long-term versus short-term orientation
How can one provide effective performance feedback?
The feedback should contain two characteristics:
1) Feedback should focus on employees’ objective task performance instead of criticizing their personal traits
2) Feedback should provide enough information for employees to improve their work performance and connect with the recipient’s goals
What are the essential communication skills in the workplace?
(a) being an active listener, (b) being able to provide performance feedback
