SCX 010

Question 1

deals with the study of interactions among physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment. It also focuses on identifying and giving solutions to environmental problems that may arise.

Answer 1

Environmental Science

Question 2

The Five Branches of Environmental Science

Answer 2

Atmospheric Sciences
Ecology
Environmental Chemistry
Geosciences
Social Sciences

Question 3

Environmental science has grown in importance as the ___________________ has increased.

Answer 3

awareness of globalization

Question 4

__________ changes in climate are also of concern, with ____________ potentially melting the ice caps and subsequently raising sea levels. Virtually anything that humans interact with has an impact on the world at large.

Answer 4

Man-made, global warming

Question 5

The massive use of fossil fuels is obviously the first source of global warming, as burning coal, oil and gas produces carbon dioxide - the most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere - as well as nitrous oxide.

Answer 5

Fossil fuel

Question 6

The exploitation of forests has a major role in climate change. Trees help regulate the climate by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. When they are cut down, this positive effect is lost and
the carbon stored in the trees is released into the atmosphere.

Answer 6

Deforestation

Question 7

Another cause of global warming is intensive farming, not only with the ever-increasing livestock, but also with plant protection products and fertilizers. In fact, cattle and sheep produce large amounts of methane when digesting their food, while fertilizers produce nitrous oxide emissions.

Answer 7

Intense farming

Question 8

like landfills and incineration emit greenhouse and toxic gases - including methane - that are released into the atmosphere, soil and waterways, contributing to the increase of the greenhouse effect.

Answer 8

Waste management methods

Question 9

Modern life is highly dependent on the mining and metallurgical industry. Metals and minerals
are the raw materials used in the construction, transportation and manufacturing of goods. From
extraction to delivery, this market accounts for 5% of all greenhouse gas emissions.

Answer 9

Mining

Question 10

also plays a major role in climate change. In fact, it is responsible for the overexploitation of natural resources and emissions from international freight transport, which both contribute to global warming.

Answer 10

Overconsumption

Question 11

_____________The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment is known as Human Ecology. (True or False)

Answer 11

False

Question 12

_____________Geosciences include environmental geology, environmental soil sciences, volcanic
phenomenon and the evolution of the Earth’s crust. (True or False)

Answer 12

True

Question 13

_____________ The main focus of Earth Science is on earth’s atmosphere with an emphasis upon its interrelationships to other systems. (True or False)

Answer 13

False

Question 14

_____________The study of the chemical composition and alterations in the environment is termed as Biochemistry. (True or False)

Answer 14

False

Question 15

_____________Ecologically, global warming is the most alarming environmental threat. (True or False)

Answer 15

True

Question 16

is the long-term warming of the planet’s overall temperature.

Answer 16

Global warming

Question 17

study the Earth’s atmosphere and how it relates to other systems,

Answer 17

Atmospheric Sciences

Question 18

is defined as the study of how living organisms on our planet interact with each other

Answer 18

Ecology

Question 19

explores the various chemical processes and the changes they make to the
environment.

Answer 19

Environmental Chemistry

Question 20

are also known as earth sciences and are a field that deals with and connects all scientific
disciplines that explore our planet directly

Answer 20

Geosciences

Question 21

in the context of environmental science are most easily defined as specific fields that
deal with the relationship between humans and nature

Answer 21

Social sciences

Question 22

refers to all non-living things in the ecosystem

Answer 22

ABIOTIC

Question 23

refers to living things in the ecosystem such as plants, animals and microorganisms

Answer 23

BIOTIC

Question 24

living things exhibit a high level of organization. All multicellular organisms are
composed of cell and cell products. (cells – tissues – organ – system – organism)

Answer 24

Cellular organization

Question 25

It is the maintenance of a constant but dynamic internal environment within the body of organism.

Answer 25

Homeostasis

Question 26

It is the ability of the organism to adjust to become fit to the changes in the environmental condition.

Answer 26

Adaptation

Question 27

is necessary to perpetuate life

Answer 27

Reproduction

Question 28

all living things increase in size due to cell division

Answer 28

Growth and development

Question 29

living things need energy to sustain life, hence energy is very essential to life

Answer 29

Constant energy requirement

Question 30

the ability of the organisms to respond to the various stimuli from the environment

Answer 30

Responsiveness/ Irritability

Question 31

is a way where water moves all around the Earth.

Answer 31

water cycle

Question 32

is constantly being used and created by different processes on planet Earth.

Answer 32

Oxygen

Question 33

There is abundance of nitrogen in the atmosphere. It makes up _______ of the total volume of air.

Answer 33

78- 80%

Question 34

nitrogen from the atmosphere is changed into nitrate (NO4)

Answer 34

Nitrogen fixation

Question 35

decaying organic matter is converted into ammonia.

Answer 35

Ammonification

Question 36

The conversion of ammonia to nitrate, soil bacteria convert the ammonia to nitrite (NO2) and finally to Nitrate (NO3)

Answer 36

Nitrification

Question 37

is the process by which nitrogen is converted into protein molecules by plant. Their waste returns nitrogen to soil as urea (fertilizer) and other compounds that are converted to ammonia.

Answer 37

Assimilation

Question 38

some bacteria cause nitrogen to return to the atmosphere by breaking down ammonia into soil

Answer 38

Denitrification

Question 39

refers to the biogeochemical cycle by which phosphorous moves through the biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

Answer 39

phosphorus cycle

Question 40

is essential to life. It is a minor constituent of fats, body fluids, and skeletal minerals.

Answer 40

Sulfur

Question 41

also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.

Answer 41

Water cycle

Question 42

circulation of oxygen in various forms through nature. Free in the air and dissolved in water, oxygen is second only to nitrogen in abundance among uncombined elements in the atmosphere

Answer 42

Oxygen Cycle

Question 43

is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth.

Answer 43

Carbon Cycle

Question 44

is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems.

Answer 44

Nitrogen Cycle

Question 45

is the biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

Answer 45

Phosphorus Cycle

Question 46

is biogeochemical cycle in which the sulfur moves between rocks, waterways and living systems.

Answer 46

Sulfur Cycle

Question 47

refers to the production of individuals over a given period of time. For example, if there are 120 births in a population, the birth rate is 120 per year or 10 individuals per month.

Answer 47

Birth Rate (Natality)

Question 48

refers to the loss of individuals over a given period of time It can also be expressed in the same way as in birth rate If the birth and death rates are equal, then the population size is stable

Answer 48

Death Rate (Mortality)

Question 49

Under ideal conditions, unlimited food, absence of diseases, lack of predators, and so on, the size of the population would increase indefinitely.

Answer 49

Biotic potential or Intrinsic Rate of Natural Increase

Question 50

the number of organisms per unit of space.

Answer 50

Population Density

Question 51

It refers to the position of members of a population relative to their neighbors.

Answer 51

Spacing or pattern

Question 52

refers to the production of individuals through the union of two opposite gametes.

Answer 52

Mating Systems

Question 53

The three mating systems

Answer 53

monogamy, polygamy and promiscuity.

Question 54

is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area.

Answer 54

population

Question 55

an animal that hunts, kills and eats other animals or prey.

Answer 55

True Predator

Question 56

refers to an insect that lays its egg on a host (usually insect or spiders)

Answer 56

Parasitoidism

Question 57

spend most of its life living on another organism.

Answer 57

Parasite

Question 58

animal that eats plant ( grazers)

Answer 58

Herbivore

Question 59

where one species benefits while the other is unaffected.

Answer 59

Commensalism

Question 60

both species benefit.

Answer 60

Mutualism

Question 61

is a close ecological relationship between the individuals of two (or more) different species.

Answer 61

Symbiosis

Question 62

– one species benefits while one is harmed.

Answer 62

Parasitism

Question 63

– neither benefit

Answer 63

Competition

Question 64

one species benefits while the other dies, and

Answer 64

Predation

Question 65

both species unaffected.

Answer 65

Neutralism