Search for world peace

Question 1

Détente

Answer 1

easing of tensions between the US and the USSR in the 1970’s

Question 2

4 reasons for détente

Answer 2

Vietnam
Arms Limitations
Invasion of czechoslvakia
Cuba

Question 3

who repaired relations w communist china?

Answer 3

Nixon

Question 4

3 ‘baskets’ of the Helsinki agreement

Answer 4

security
human rights
cooperation

Question 5

SECURITY// Helsinki Agreement

Answer 5

each country recognised the current land borders of europe

USSR previously refused to recognise West Germany

Question 6

HUMAN RIGHTS// Helsinki
Agreement

Answer 6

everyone country to have basic freedoms

freedom of speech, relgion

Question 7

COOPERATION// Helsinki Agreement

Answer 7

every country to call for further cooperation in science, culture and trade

e.g Apollo-Soyuz
joint space mission between the American Apollo astronauts and Soviet Soyuz cosmonauts.

Question 8

when was the helsinki agreement signed?

Answer 8

1975

Question 9

what was the helsinki agreement?

Answer 9

International agreements between the USA, the Soviet Union and other countries covering a range of issues.`

Question 10

when was SALT I signed

Answer 10

may 1972

Question 11

what does SALT stand for?

Answer 11

strategic arms limitations talks

Question 12

who was SALT signed by?

Answer 12

USSR and USA

Question 13

policies of SALT I

Answer 13

• no new ICBMs to be built
• limited number of ABMs that each side could have
• no limitations on future developments of new weapons

Question 14

what is an ICBM

Answer 14

long-range intercontinental ballistic missiles

Question 15

what are ABMs

Answer 15

anti ballistic missiles
(missiles used to shoot down other’s missiles)

Question 16

when was SALT II signed

Answer 16

June 1979

Question 17

what did SALT II aim to do

Answer 17

limit total number of missiles each side could have

Question 18

what issue arose w/ SALT II?

Answer 18

needed for it to be passed by a vote in the Senate for it to be officially recognised

BUT

Senate refused to vote for the treaty after the USSR invaded Afghanistan in 1979

Question 19

mujahideen

Answer 19

guerrilla movement

militant Islamic group who fought against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

Question 20

jihad

Answer 20

holy war

individual struggle against evil while following the way of Allah. It can also be collective defence of the Muslim community.

Question 21

how many troops did the USSR send in to Afghanistan in december 1979?

Answer 21

50,000 troops

Question 22

who was the leader of the USSR in 1979?

Answer 22

Brezhnev

Question 23

why was the soveit invavsion of Afghanistan the end of detente?

Answer 23

it was a shocking development

USA, China and UN condemned these actions

Question 24

how did president Carter respond to the invasion of Afghanistan?

Answer 24

was very firm as it threatened India and Pakistan (allies)

it also was a potential threat to oil supplies from the Persian Gulf

Question 25

What did Carter do in response to the invasion of Afghanistan?

Answer 25

USA would give military force to protect its allies and the Persian Gulf gave financial support to USA's allies ordered US to stop selling technology to the USSR boycotted the 1980 olympics in MOSCOW

Question 26

OPERATION CYCLONE

Answer 26

weapons and money to the Mujahideen so that they could fight a guerrilla war against the Soviet troops

Question 27

when did soviets withdraw from Afghanistan?

Answer 27

1989

Question 28

why did USSR withdraw from Afghanistan?

Answer 28

* costs * casualties rising

Question 29

what became the symbol of the end of communist rule?

Answer 29

fall of berlin wall

Question 30

when did berlin wall fall?

Answer 30

1989

Question 31

when were the communist governments of **Bulgaria** and Czechoslovakia overthrown?

Answer 31

november 1989

Question 32

why was the US very interested in the Middle East?

Answer 32

due to the masses of oil

Question 33

how many US hostages were there?

Answer 33

66 people (diplomats and their guards)

Question 34

when were the US hostages taken?

Answer 34

1979

Question 35

how were the americans taken as hostages?

Answer 35

American Embassy in Tehran was captured by extremists

Question 36

when were the American hostages freed?

Answer 36

when Reagan became president in Jan 1981 after 444 days of captivity

Question 37

Brezhnev Doctrine

Answer 37

USSR would put down any attempted uprisings against communism

Question 38

SDI initiative

Answer 38

lasers and satellites which would destroy missiles before they landed in the US USSR couldn't compete w this initiative

Question 39

perestroika

Answer 39

Gorbachev policy - accepting that some elements of capitalism are needed for a healthy economy

Question 40

glasnost

Answer 40

GORBACHEV POLICY censorship of the press was relaxed

Question 41

when did the Arms race end?

Answer 41

Geneva Conference Nov 1985 REAGAN

Question 42

When was INF treaty signed?

Answer 42

1987

Question 43

what did INF treaty do?

Answer 43

treaty was the first to reduce weapons and the first to allow inspections of each other's nuclear arsenals

Question 44

when did the cold war end?

Answer 44

MALTA CONFERENCE 1989 (Bush Snr and Gorbachev)