secretory functions of pancreas

Question 1

What inn the islets of langerhans

Answer 1

sympathetic and parasympathetic NS
inhibited by SAN
stimulated by PAN

Question 2

Where is the sphincter od oddie

Answer 2

at the edge of the hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 3

what is a lobule of the pancreas

Answer 3

group of acini

Question 4

describe the pancreatic drainage into the pancreatic duct

Answer 4

lumen is drained by a ductule which forms interlobular ducts then into pancreatic duct

Question 5

which cells in the pancreas are responsible for producing large volumes ow watery fluid

Answer 5

the ductule cells and centroacinar cells

Question 6

What do intercalated ducts receive

Answer 6

secretions from acini

Question 7

what do intralobular ducts receive

Answer 7

fluid from intercalated ducts

Question 8

Descirbe the two components of pancreatic secretion

Answer 8

aqeuous NaHCO3 component to neutralize

enzymatic component to digest a meal

Question 9

What hormones stimulate protein secretion from acinar cells

Answer 9

ACh, CCK secretin and VIP

Question 10

What do VIP and secretin stimulate

Answer 10

activate PKA

Question 11

What do CCK and ACH activate

Answer 11

PLC and PKC

Question 12

What does CCK stimulate on acinar cells

Answer 12

enzyme secretion

Question 13

Any activation of acinar cells results in what

Answer 13

increase Ca as a second messenger
activation of protein kinases
and increase acinar cell secretions

Question 14

Is the fluid from acinar cells hypo, hyper or isotonic

Answer 14

isotonic, NaCL secretion

Question 15

Which cells are responsible for the release of HCO3

Answer 15

duct cells

Question 16

How does secretin increase secretion of HCO3

Answer 16

activates adenylyl cyclase which increases cAMP to stimulae PKA and phosphorylates the CFTR which pumps out Cl so that the ClHCO3 counter transporter has larger gradient

Question 17

What enayme is necessary for carb digestion

Answer 17

amylase activated by Cl

Question 18

What are the 2 main protein enzymes

Answer 18

tyrpsinogen and chymotrypsinogens

Question 19

What is the enzyme for lipid digestion

Answer 19

lipase

Question 20

What enzyme removes the bile salts from around the fat droplets so lipase can degrade them

Answer 20

pro-colipase

Question 21

what do glycoproteins do after secreted by acinar cells

Answer 21

protect against protease mediated mucosal injury

Question 22

what fo trypsin inhibitors dow

Answer 22

protect against trypsin in acinar and ductal cells

Question 23

trypsin does what to the enzymes

Answer 23

activates chymotrypsinogen

Question 24

What activates trypsinogen to trypsin

Answer 24

enterokinase

Question 25

where is enterokinase located

Answer 25

brushborder of duodenum

Question 26

What are the primary roles of secretin and CCK

Answer 26

secretin for fluid and electrolyte secretion | CCK for enzyme secretion

Question 27

what dictates the amount of fluid and HCO3 secretion

Answer 27

quantity of acid enter in duodenum

Question 28

What determines the amount of enzyme secretion

Answer 28

quantity of fat and protein in the duodenum

Question 29

describe stimulation of CCK

Answer 29

CCK b R via sitmulation from vagal afferents of duodenum that then release ACh and VIP to stimulate HCO3 secretion from duct cells

Question 30

What is CCK effect on sphincter of oddi

Answer 30

relaxes it

Question 31

what is CCK effect on stomach? gall bladder?

Answer 31

on stomach is reduced emptying | on gall bladder is contraction

Question 32

Where is CCK stored

Answer 32

I cells in duodenum

Question 33

What controls release of CCK

Answer 33

its releasing peptide and monitoring peptide | Ach and vasovagal reflexes release gastrin-releasing peptide which inturn stim CCK RP and MP

Question 34

What inhibits I cells from releaseing CCK

Answer 34

trypsin

Question 35

Where is secretin released from

Answer 35

S cells in duodenal mucosa

Question 36

What is secreted at highger and lower rates under secretin stimulation

Answer 36

increased Na HCO3 secretion | decreased K Cl secretion

Question 37

At high rates of secretion describe general composition of pancreatic juice

Answer 37

alkaline

Question 38

What stimulates S cells to secrete secretin

Answer 38

when pH falls from gastric acid | fatty acid meals

Question 39

What occurs to secretin when on a proton pump inhibitor

Answer 39

bicarb is not released nor secretin so too much acid-- ulcer

Question 40

What is Achlorhydric

Answer 40

unable to secrete gastric acid

Question 41

What is the main hormone to counter the acidity coming from stomach

Answer 41

secretin

Question 42

In what phase is majority of pancreatic secretion occuring in

Answer 42

the intestinal

Question 43

When you eat a high fat and protein meal what hormone primarily takes over

Answer 43

CCK to acinar cells to release pancreatic enzymes

Question 44

Signs of malabsorption and ingestion appear when pancreatic secretions fall below what percent

Answer 44

10

Question 45

What is Steatorrhea

Answer 45

fat in the stool, early sign of pancreatic digestion

Question 46

what can cause steatorrhea

Answer 46

reduced pancreatic enzyme, lipase and bicarb secretion | a low pH inactivates lipase

Question 47

What is pancreatitis

Answer 47

autodigestion of pancreatic tissue when retaining the secretions acute could be caused by a gall stone hereditary could be mutated trypsin or alcohol abuse causing chronic inflammation

Question 48

What drugs and toxins can damage pancreas

Answer 48

immunosuppressants, anticonvulsants, thiazides

Question 49

What are autoimmune diseases of the pancreas

Answer 49

celiacs, IgG4

Question 50

What type of genetic mutations occur to lead to pacreatitis

Answer 50

SPINK1, CFTR and CTRC

Question 51

Describe cystic fibrosis mutation of pancreas

Answer 51

the CFTR is lacking so Cl does not leave and then decreased HCO3 excretion--> autodigestion

Question 52

How does primary aldosteronism affect pancreas

Answer 52

abnormal electrolyte levels | low NaCl in saliva and K is at high levels

Question 53

What is Kwashiokor

Answer 53

reduction in pancreatic secretion except amylase (cannot digest protein)

Question 54

What happens to pancreas in diabetes

Answer 54

reduced pancreatic enzyme secretion in absence of pancreatic disease

Question 55

What cells are the main key players in pancreatic secretion during the cephalic phase

Answer 55

the acinar cells, high concentration of enzymes in low volume

Question 56

What is the only enzyme in digestive system that can digest fat

Answer 56

pancreatic lipase