section 1 Flashcards
Big picture 1200-1450
Civilizations Grows
Religion Spreads, Small local religions weaking
Technology - Gunpowder, Paper
Knowledge Spread - math, medicine
Compare Song Dynasty and
Abbasid Caliphate (1200-1450)
Song Dynasty (China) - Golden Age
Confucianism, exams
Development in Technology (Gun powder, paper)
Champa Rice from Vietnam -> more harvest/year -> more people
Water-ways (trade)
Abbasid Caliphate - Decline BUT
Religion: Islam
New Islam states - Delphi Sultanate (India)
Overall weaking empire, fracturing
How did states in 1200–1450 legitimize their political authority?
They used religious ideologies, monumental architecture, and historical legacy to gain legitimacy.
Aztecs vs Incas
Aztecs - decentralized/remote power, system of tributes, powerful military
Incas - Mita System (mandatory public services), roads
What were the main causes for the rise of states and empires between 1200 and 1450?
Increased agricultural productivity, trade wealth, military innovations, and leadership consolidation
What were common reasons for the decline of states and empires during the period 1200–1450?
Internal conflict, succession crises, invasions, overextension, and environmental stress often caused collapse.
Europe 1200-1450
REgional states, Feudalism, slowly losing to monarchies (France, Holy Roman Empire)
Europe more or less united by Catholics/Roman Church which was above the state.
How did state formation differ between East Asia and Western Europe during 1200–1450?
East Asia saw centralized bureaucratic empires like the Song, while Western Europe remained decentralized and feudal.
What were key cultural developments between 1200 and 1450?
Developments included the growth of religious scholarship, poetry, art, architecture, and increased literacy.
How did Islamic intellectual influence affect Europe during 1200–1450?
European scholars translated Arabic texts in medicine, science, and philosophy, which helped fuel Europe’s later intellectual revival.
How did the Pax Mongolica enable the spread of knowledge during 1200–1450?
It facilitated safe trade and communication across Eurasia, allowing for the diffusion of ideas, technologies, and goods.
What political roles did major religions play in the period 1200–1450?
Religions like Christianity and Islam provided unifying ideologies and justified political rule in multiethnic empires.
How did technological innovation affect agriculture and trade during 1200–1450?
Tools like the heavy plow and innovations like irrigation boosted food production and supported growing population
How did expanding trade between 1200 and 1450 affect social organization?
Trade increased wealth for merchant classes and facilitated greater social mobility in some regions.
What were major trade networks during 1200–1450?
The Silk Road, Indian Ocean trade, the Mediterranean Sea routes, and trans-Saharan caravan routes.
What were the effects of expanding trade networks in 1200–1450?
They led to cultural exchanges, spread of religion, technological diffusion, urban growth, and environmental impacts.
How did travelers and explorers contribute to cultural diffusion in 1200–1450?
Travelers like Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo shared ideas and observations across distant regions.
What roles did major religions play in shaping social norms and gender roles during 1200–1450?
Religions reinforced traditional gender roles but also offered some women religious authority or education.
How did women’s experiences vary by class during 1200–1450?
Elite women often had more access to education or influence, while lower-class women had labor roles in farms or markets.
What impact did nomadic peoples have on world history between 1200 and 1450?
Nomads like the Mongols reshaped empires, promoted trade, and facilitated cross-cultural contact.
How did the growth of cities affect societies between 1200 and 1450?
Cities became centers of commerce, culture, and political authority, drawing people from rural areas.
How did states affect their environments during 1200–1450?
They altered land through irrigation, deforestation, and urban construction.
