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Ict > section 1 components of a computer system > Flashcards

section 1 components of a computer system Flashcards

1
Q

what are embedded systems

A

computers built into other devices often used a control system

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2
Q

pros of embedded systems

A

easier to design , cheaper and efficient

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3
Q

what is the power supply

A

supplies power to motherboard

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4
Q

what is the cooling fan

A

extracts hot air

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5
Q

what is the CPU heat sink and cooling fan

A

keeps CPU at steady temp

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6
Q

what is the CPU

A

does all the processing

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7
Q

what is the motherboard

A

main circuit board in computer

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8
Q

what is the optical drive for

A

for read/writing

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9
Q

what is the hard disk drive

A

internal secondary storage

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10
Q

what is the graphics card

A

controls the graphics

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11
Q

what are the two types of computer system

A

general purpose

dedicated systems

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12
Q

what is the purpose of a computer

A

take data, process it, then output it.

complete tasks more efficiently

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13
Q

what is hardware

A

physical stuff that makes up your computer

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14
Q

what is software

A

programs that the computer system runs

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15
Q

what is the CPU

A

brain of the computer

processes all the data and instructions

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16
Q

what does the CPU depend on for processing power

A

clock speed
number of cores
cache size

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17
Q

what is the control unit and what does it do

A

executes program instructions by following the fetch-decode-execute cycle
controls the flow of data

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18
Q

what is the Arithmetic logic unit

A

does all the calculation and performs logic operations

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19
Q

what is the cache

A

fast memory in the CPU
stores regularly used data so that the CPU can access it quickly
caches have low capacity and are expensive

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20
Q

what are buses

A

collections of wires that are used to transmit data between components of the CPU

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21
Q

what is the clock

A

sends out a signal that continually cycles between 1 and 0

the number of clock cycles per second is called the clock speed

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22
Q

what does the ALU do

A

gets data from the CPU and register performs an operation and outputs it back

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23
Q

what are registers and what does the registers do

A

used to store intermediate results of calculations

hold data, instructions and memory addresses that are about to be used by the CPU

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24
Q

how does the fetch decode execute cycle work

A

1) The program counter gets the next instruction
2) processor then collects the address data from the MAR
3) The processor then fetches the data from memory the via the data bus
4) stored in MAR via the address bus
4) The instruction is then decoded by the ALU that does all the calculations
5) the processor then goes back to the program counter to collect the next instruction

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25
Q

what are the two types of register

A

memory data register

memory address register

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26
Q

what does RAM stand for

A

Random access memory

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27
Q

what is RAM and what does it do

A

main memory that is volatile
operating system is copied from secondary storage to RAM
Data stays in RAM until files are closed

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28
Q

what is ROM and what does it do

A

Read only memory that is non volatile

contains the BIOS that tells the CPU what to check during start up

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29
Q

how much ROM and RAM do embedded systems need

A

more ROM because they don’t write much

ROM and RAM stored on the same chip as the CPU

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30
Q

how much ROM and RAM do non-embedded systems need

A

Have more RAM because they need to write data to main memory

ROM and RAM stored on the motherboard

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31
Q

how does clock speed effect performance of the CPU

A

The number of instructions a single processor core can carry out per second

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32
Q

how does cores effect performance of the CPU

A

each core process data independently of the rest

the more cores the more instructions it can carry out at once

33
Q

how does cache size effect performance of the CPU

A

a larger cache gives the CPU faster access to more data it needs to process

34
Q

how does cache type effect performance of the CPU

A

Has levels of L1, L2, L3
Higher the level the more it can hold, but the slower it is
speed based on how far it is from the CPU

35
Q

how does RAM effect performance of the CPU

A

too little RAM won’t keep all data loaded at once slowing system down
more RAM more application
if user has enough RAM increasing RAM will make no difference

36
Q

what is primary storage

A

memory areas that the CPU can access directly

fastest read write and is mostly volatile

37
Q

what is secondary storage

A

non volatile storage that isn’t directly accessible to the CPU

38
Q

what are HDDs

A

traditional internal storage that is made up of magnetised metal disks
they are long lasting but get damaged

39
Q

what is magnetic tape

A

reels of tape that are read/written sequentially by the tape drive

40
Q

advantages of magnetic tape

A

high capacity
low cost
reading/writing is fast once it has found data

41
Q

disadvantages of magnetic tape

A

slow at finding data

42
Q

what are SSDs

A

storage devices with no moving parts used for internal storage

43
Q

advantages of HDDs

A

cheaper
high capacity
longer readwrite life

44
Q

advantages of SSDs

A

faster
shock-proof
silent
don’t need defragmenting

45
Q

usb drive(what is it and advantages and disadvantages

A

solid state storage
slower than SSD
capacity is high for size

46
Q

advantages of optical disks

A

cheap
portable
won’t be damaged by water

47
Q

disadvantages of optical disks

A

low capacity
slow read/write
streaming and downloading is better

48
Q

what is cloud storage

A

a service where files can be uploaded via the internet to a remote server

49
Q

what is utility software

A

software used to maintain or configure a computer

50
Q

What is defragentation

A

Files are stored on a hard disk in available spaces
eventually as files are moved and deleted gaps appear on the disk and the OS has to fill the gaps making the files slower as read/write has to move back and forth
Defragmentation puts the files back into one block and collects the free space together

51
Q

what does disk health do

A

hard drives start to deteriorate causing corrupted data

and disk health scan the drive for problems and fix it

52
Q

what does compression do

A

reduces the size of files so they take up less disk space

53
Q

what does encryption do

A

scrambles data to stop third parties from accessing it

to access it you need a key

54
Q

what does backup do

A

copy of a computer systems files and settings stored externally that can be restored in event of data lose
the back up software schedules regular backups

55
Q

what do virus scanners do

A

inspect each file on your computer , looking for viruses

56
Q

what does system clean up do

A

web browsers leave a lot of temporary files and cleanup gets rid of them

57
Q

what are the main functions of the OS

A

communicate with input and output devices
provide a platform for applications to run on
controls memory management
organise the CPU
deal with file management and disk
manage system security

58
Q

what are l/0 devices

A

(input/output)allow computers to take inputs and give outputs

59
Q

how doe’s the OS communicate with the l/0 device

A

l/0 devices require a device drive and these act as translators for the signals between both the OS and device

when computer is booted up the OS will find the correct device drivers for the device it detects

device manufactures may release updates and these may be installed automatically

60
Q

how the OS manages Applications

A

it provides a platform to run off
allows then to access hardware and other devices like RAM and storage
provides a user interface that applications are accessed through

61
Q

how does the OS take charge of memory management

A

copies necessary parts of the application to memory, followed by additional parts when required
manages how much RAM a program has access to
when running multiple applications the OS stops interference with each other by allocating memory addresses

62
Q

how does the OS take charge of memory management

A

copies necessary parts of the application to memory, followed by additional parts when required
manages how much RAM a program has access to
when running multiple applications the OS stops interference with each other by allocating memory addresses

63
Q

how the OS tells the CPU what to process

A

use scheduling to determine the most efficient order using priority
the instruction with the highest priority goes to the CPU first
OS can interrupt if a more important instruction comes up

64
Q

how the OS handles files

A

use file extensions to tell the computer what software is needed
deals with the movement, editing and deletion of data

65
Q

how the OS handles disk management

A

splits the physical disk into storage sectors and keeps track of free space on the disk
maintains the hard disk with utility software

66
Q

how the OS manages security

A

use user account control
can only access there personal data and not others
have anti theft measures such as passwords

67
Q

what is open source software

A

software where the source code is made freely available

68
Q

what examples are there for open source software

A

GIMP , firefox

69
Q

advantages of open source software

A 
free
made for greater good
software can be adapted
collaborators are creative
very reliable and secure
70
Q

disadvantages of open source software

A 
won't update regularly
buggy
security holes
no warranties
no customer support
71
Q

what is proprietary software

A

software where only the compiled code is released

72
Q

examples of proprietary

A

microsoft

adobe

73
Q

advantages of proprietary software

A

comes with warranties, documentation, customer support
well tested and reliable
cheaper for companies than developing thier own custom built software

74
Q

disadvantages of proprietary software

A

expensive
may not fit a users needs
may not maintain older software after warranties expire

75
Q

what is the program counter

A

holds the address of the next instruction

76
Q

what is the accumulator

A

where arithmetic are temoraliy stored

77
Q

what is the MDR

A

holds the next instruction and then the data copied from the RAM

78
Q

what is the MAR

A

holds the address of the current instruction and address of that data

Ict (8 decks)

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