Section 10 Adolescence

Question 1

When do girls go through puberty (begin adolescence)?

Answer 1

9-15 yrs

Question 2

When do boys go through puberty?

Answer 2

10-13.5 yrs

Question 3

What is the usual difference in age between boys and girls for puberty?

Answer 3

2 yrs

Question 4

What is a menarche?

Answer 4

A girl’s first period - often when puberty is ending

Question 5

What is the historical trend with puberty age?

Answer 5

Puberty has come earlier with time

Question 6

What stimulates puberty in the brain?

Answer 6

the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis reactivated after prenatal dev to release hormones for puberty

Question 7

Do circadian rhythms shift for teens?

Answer 7

yes they start sleeping later and longer for more development time

Question 8

How do hormones effect the brain?

Answer 8

Hormones (ex; estrogen, dopamine, DHEA, etc) permanently reorganize the brain, change reward system, and change activity of neural systems

Question 9

When is conformity the greatest?

Answer 9

grades 7-9 (12-15 yrs old)

Question 10

how does late or early puberty affect a kid?

Answer 10

They can suffer from insecurity and emotional trouble from feeling different

Question 11

How and when does achievement affect social groups?

Answer 11

By 7th and 8th grade, kids choose friends with similar academic status, and friends start influencing ones own grade trends

Question 12

When is processing speed matured at adult level?

Answer 12

15 yrs old

Question 13

When is response inhibition matured at adult level?

Answer 13

14 yrs old

Question 14

When is working memory matured at adult level?

Answer 14

19 yrs old

Question 15

Top causes for death in adolescence

Answer 15

Unintentional injuries, homocide, and suicide

Question 16

What are the consequences of teens’ new priorities?

Answer 16

They become riskier (despite understanding risk) for social approval and death rates can increase

Question 17

What are adolescent emergent changes?

Answer 17

focusing on social stimuli and understanding social hierarchy

Question 18

What is an adolescent non-specific change?

Answer 18

Body growth, like prefrontal cortex growing and myelination reorganizing brain

Question 19

What are adolescent specific changes?

Answer 19

Motivated by conformity, exploratory behavior, stronger reward and punishment system, shifts in HPA axis, riskier decision making, lessened impulse control

Question 20

Do adolescence have the highest elevated reward reactions?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

when may a teen be more likely to engage in risky behavior?

Answer 21

In a social setting with peers

Question 22

What is one type of disorder teens are more at risk for?

Answer 22

Anxiety and stress-related disorders esp social anxiety, caused by greater attention to and impact of social info (and higher stress levels)

Question 23

What is a second common disorder among teens?

Answer 23

Eating disorders, though they are not diagnosed until years later

Question 24

Who are the most likely to develop an eating disorder?

Answer 24

Women are 10x more likely, and people who work with their bodies, ex; athletes (swimming, rowing, wrestling, figure-skating, gymnastics)

Question 25

What are specific features of Anorexia?

Answer 25

Anorexia is consistent, and the product of a person taking complete control of their body parallel to OCD

Question 26

What are specific features of Bulimia?

Answer 26

Bulimia is cyclic, impulsive, and all about lack if regulation and shame around eating

Question 27

How do teens become higher risk for substance abuse?

Answer 27

Their desire to satisfy social influences combined with risk taking tendencies make them more open to these behaviors

Question 28

What is one component of teenage narcissism/ adolescent egocentrism?

Answer 28

The imaginary audience - feeling like they are always being watched, thus not wanting to stick out (or acting eccentrically for attention)

Question 29

What is another component of teenage narcissism/ adolescent egocentrism?

Answer 29

The personal fable - feeling a sense of uniqueness and invincibility

Question 30

What motivates teens in social hierarchy?

Answer 30

Teens at this stage are highly motivated by popularity

Question 31

Do young teens prefer larger or smaller groups of friends?

Answer 31

They prefer smaller but more intimate groups than middle childhood

Question 32

What happens when kids have friends older than them?

Answer 32

They are more likely to miss school, do drugs/alcohol, crime, and have poor sex outcomes

Question 33

How do teens relationships with their parents change?

Answer 33

Parents begin having to monitor their kids while maintaining attachment and communication Teens still get much of their emotional/social needs from peers

Question 34

How are racial and ethic effects on kids treated?

Answer 34

Prejudice and racial trauma is supported by families that work to protect the kids and ethnic cultural socialization

Question 35

What is Erikson's stage for adolescence?

Answer 35

Identity vs. Identity confusion: navigated identity crisis period

Question 36

What is James Marcias theory taken from Erikson's stage of identity at this point?

Answer 36

Teenagers experience a sense of either crisis or commitment for three areas of life

Question 37

What are the areas of life James Marcias' theory applies to?

Answer 37

Occupational choice, religion, and political ideology

Question 38

What are the different stages of identity according to James Marcia?

Answer 38

Diffusion: no crisis, no commitment Foreclosure: (no crisis, commitment) fallen into line w what's expected of them Moratorium: (crisis, no commitment) mid-self exploration Achievement: (crisis, commitment) sense of self

Question 39

What are some correlations with positive sex outcomes?

Answer 39

Family connectedness, parent communication ab sex, parental monitoring, partner connectedness, and school engagement

Question 40

What can cause precocious sexual initiation?

Answer 40

Having a step father present in the house and sexual initiation before 15 are correlated *Early sex and father absence is also genetic*

Question 41

What were some trends in sex ed?

Answer 41

Between 2006 and 2013, sex ed exposure decreased rapidly

Question 42

Why is sex ed a good idea?

Answer 42

Despite debate in the U.S., sex ed reduces neg sex outcomes unlike abstinence only programs that don't actually reduce intercourse or neg outcomes

Question 43

What do romantic relationships look like in age ranges?

Answer 43

11-13: romantic attraction and affiliation with each other 14-16: casual dating or dating in groups 17-19: strong bonds resembling adult relationships

Question 44

What is the formal operational stage?

Answer 44

Most abstract , incr verbal problem solving, metacognition (inc tendency to think of thoughts themselves) and hypothetical deductive reasoning (creating hypothesis and deducing its implications)

Question 45

What is the adolescent struggle for autonomy?

Answer 45

Teens seeking independence while maintaining attachment to parent - unhealthy for parent to have power struggles w teen (boys have more indp)

Question 46

Why do teens experience more conflict with parents?

Answer 46

It's a natural part of developing autonomy and is usually not prolonged or intense