Section 3

Question 1

What is mitosis?

Answer 1

Process of regular cell division

Question 2

What is meiosis?

Answer 2

Process of division to sexual cells (gametes)

Question 3

What is a zygote?

Answer 3

Fertilized egg

Question 4

What is morula?

Answer 4

the smaller eggs that the zygote separates into?

Question 5

What is a blastocyst?

Answer 5

When the smaller cells form a hollow cluster with either “inside” cells or “outside” cells (inner part= embyro, outer part=placenta)

Question 6

What is monozygotic twinning?

Answer 6

Identical twins - zygote splits into two clusters instead of one and creates two blastocysts

Question 7

What is dizygotic twinnning?

Answer 7

Fraternal - when two eggs are fertilized by two sperms

Question 8

What is the germinal period?

Answer 8

0-2 weeks; conception. to zygote implantation

Question 9

What is the embryonic period?

Answer 9

Stem cells lead to differentiation, including urinary and reproductive differentiation

Question 10

What is the fetal period?

Answer 10

Last 3 months of rapid growth and birth

Question 11

What are the 3 cell layers?

Answer 11

ectoderm (skin and nervous system), mesoderm (bone and muscle), endoderm (gut and internal organs)

Question 12

What is Gene x environment interaction? (G x E)

Answer 12

interaction of variation in DNA with the environment (parents health, diet, and psychological health)

Question 13

What are teratogens?

Answer 13

Environmental agents that can harm the baby and its development

Question 14

What did thalidomide do?

Answer 14

Was a morning sickness medicine that caused phocomelia aka limb deformations in babies

Question 15

What was toxoplasmosis?

Answer 15

A unicellular parasite found in cats that caused hydrocephalus, iQ disability, and anemia

Question 16

What was Rubella?

Answer 16

German measles that, if contracted by mom early enough, can cause IQ disability, blindness and deafness, and heart problems

Question 17

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/ Spectrum Disorder?

Answer 17

When mom drinks too much alcohol early on, it causes facial deformities, stunted growth, and cognitive disability

Question 18

Can fathers contribute to FASD?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

What do older fathers risk?

Answer 19

They risk schizophrenia, autism, and birth defects

Question 20

What do dietary restrictions in fathers risk?

Answer 20

Increases cardiovascular risk

Question 21

How do epigenetics work?

Answer 21

An enzyme processes switches on silence gene by by adding or removing a methyl group to alter proteins

Question 22

What is an umbillicus?

Answer 22

The belly button

Question 23

What is an amnion?

Answer 23

A membrane that helps form amniotic fluid that cushion and protect babies in the womb

Question 24

What is vernix?

Answer 24

Protective cheese like substance that babies can be born with

Question 25

What is meconium?

Answer 25

First explusion of waste consisting of amniotic fluid, cells, and mucus

Question 26

What is colostrum?

Answer 26

Type of milk first produced that had exorbitant amount of nutrients

Question 27

What is lanugo?

Answer 27

Soft hair that babies can be born with that help hold vernix on skin

Question 28

What is preimplantation?

Answer 28

Genetic diagnosis for assisted pragnancy

Question 29

What is Maternal Blood Analysis?

Answer 29

Non invasive analysis that can reveal down syndrome

Question 30

What is chorionic villus sampling?

Answer 30

Samples chorionic villus around baby for full genetic testing

Question 31

What is a fetoscopy?

Answer 31

Surgery on fetus

Question 32

Amniocentesis

Answer 32

needle sampling of amniotic fluid for genetic sampling

Question 33

How do urinary tracts an reproductive organs diverge?

Answer 33

Males have wolfian ducts that grow intro reproductive parts with testosterone, and testes develop from SRY gene, and AMH inhibits female reproduction