Section 1.4 Musculoskeletal system and analysis of movement

Question 1

What are the articulating bones at the shoulder joint?

Answer 1

Humerus and scapula

Question 2

What are the articulating bones at the hip joint?

Answer 2

Femur and pelvis

Question 3

What are the articulating bones at the elbow joint?

Answer 3

Humerus, radius and ulna

Question 4

What are the articulating bones at the knee joint?

Answer 4

Femur and tibia

Question 5

What are the articulating bones at the ankle joint?

Answer 5

Tibia, fibula and talus

Question 6

What are the characteristics of a ball and socket joint?

Answer 6

Allows movement in every direction

Question 7

What are the characteristics of a hinge joint?

Answer 7

Only allow movement in one direction, due to the shape of the articulating bones

Question 8

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 8

Divides the body into right and left halves (extension/flexion)

Question 9

What is the frontal plane?

Answer 9

Divides the body into front and back halves (abduction/adduction)

Question 10

What is the transverse plane?

Answer 10

Divides the body into upper and lower halves (rotation, horizontal abduction and adduction)

Question 11

What is the transverse axis?

Answer 11

Runs from side to side across the body (extension/flexion)

Question 12

What is the sagittal axis?

Answer 12

Runs from front to back (abduction/adduction)

Question 13

What is the longitudinal axis?

Answer 13

runs from top to bottom (rotation, horizontal abduction / adduction)

Question 14

Flexion?

Answer 14

Decreasing the angle between the bones of a joint

Question 15

Extension?

Answer 15

Increasing the angle between the bones of a joint

Question 16

Plantar-flexion?

Answer 16

Pointing the toes/pushing up onto your toes

Question 17

Dorsi-flexion?

Answer 17

Pulling the toes up to the shin

Question 18

Hyper-extension?

Answer 18

Increasing the angle beyond 180 between the bones and the joint

Question 19

Abduction?

Answer 19

Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

Question 20

Adduction?

Answer 20

Movement of a body part towards the midline of the body

Question 21

Horizontal abduction?

Answer 21

Movement of a body part forward while it is held parallel to the ground

Question 22

Horizontal adduction?

Answer 22

Movement of a body part backwards whilst i is parallel to the ground

Question 23

What is the definition of the term agonist?

Answer 23

The muscle that is responsible for the movement that is occurring

Question 24

What is the definition of the term antagonist?

Answer 24

The muscle that works in opposition to the agonist to help produce a coordinated movement

Question 25

What are the muscles working during elbow flexion?

Answer 25

Agonist=Biceps Antagonist=Triceps

Question 26

What are the muscles working during ankle plantar-flexion?

Answer 26

Agonist=Gastrocnemius Antagonist=Tibialis anterior

Question 27

What are the muscles working during knee flexion?

Answer 27

Agonist=Hamstrings Antagonist=quadriceps

Question 28

What are the muscles working during Hip flexion?

Answer 28

Agonist=Hip flexors (iliopsoas) Antagonist=Gluteals

Question 29

What are the muscles working during

Answer 29

Agonist= Antagonist=

Question 30

What are the muscles working during Hip adduction?

Answer 30

Agonist= adductors (adductor brevis/longus/magnus) Antagonist= tensor fascia latae and gluteus medius/minimus

Question 31

What are the muscles working during Hip horizontal adduction?

Answer 31

Agonist= Adductors (adductor brevis/longus/magnus) Antagonist= Tensor facia latae and gluteus medius/minimus

Question 32

What are the muscles working during shoulder flexion?

Answer 32

Agonist=Anterior deltoid Antagonist=latissimus dorsi

Question 33

What are the muscles working during shoulder horizontal adduction

Answer 33

Agonist= Latissimus dorsi Antagonist= pectorals

Question 34

What are the muscles working during shoulder adduction?

Answer 34

Agonist=posterior deltoid and latissimus dorsi Antagonist= middle deltoid and supraspinatus

Question 35

What is a concentric contraction?

Answer 35

When a muscle shortens under tension

Question 36

What is an eccentric contraction?

Answer 36

When a muscle lengthens under tension or performs negative work and acts like a break

Question 37

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 37

When a muscle contracts without lengthening or shortening, no movement occurs

Question 38

What is an isotonic contraction ?

Answer 38

When a muscle contracts to create a movement