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2024 PHARM > section 2 > Flashcards

section 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

ESTERS

neurotransmitter class

A

acetylcholine- cholinergic

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2
Q

MONOAMINES

neurotransmitter class

A

NE, serotonin, dopamine

adrenergic

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3
Q

AMINO ACIDS

neurotransmitter class

A

glutamate
GABA

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4
Q

PURINES

neurotransmitter class

A

adenosine
ATP

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5
Q

PEPTIDES

neurotransmitter class

A

substance P
endorphins

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6
Q

INORGANIC GASES

neurotransmitter class

A

nitric oxide

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7
Q

SNS
-fiber location and length
- gangila location

A

thoracolumbar

short preganglionic
long postganlionic

ganglia close to spinal cord

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8
Q

PNS
- fiber location and length
- ganglia location

A

craniosacral

long preganglionic
short post.

ganglia in visceral effector organs

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9
Q

ADRENERGIC: alpha, beta, dopamine receptors are what type of receptors?

A

GCPRs

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10
Q

ALPHA 1 RECEPTOR
effector

A

activates phospholipase C

second messengers:
IP3, DAG

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11
Q

ALPHA 2 RECEPTOR
effector

A

inhibits adenyl cyclase
- ca+ and K+ channels?

decrease cAMP

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12
Q

BETA (1,2,3,) RECEPTORS
effector

A

stimulate adenyl cyclase
-Ca+ channels

increase cAMP

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13
Q

2 types of cholinergic receptors

A

nicotinic
muscarinic

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14
Q

NICOTINIC RECEPTORS
effectors

A

ganglion, skeletal muscle, neuronal CNS

ion channels

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15
Q

MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS
effectors

A

M1, M3, M5
- phospholipase activated

M2, M4
- inhibit adenylate cyclase

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16
Q

SA NODE

SNS and PNS

A

B1, B2 -> accelerate

M2 -> decelerate

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17
Q

CONTRACTILITY

SNS and PNS

A

B1, B2 -> increase

M2 -> decreases

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18
Q

SKELETAL BLOOD VESSEL

SNS

A

B2 -> relax

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19
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE BLOOD VESSELS

SNS and PNS

A

alpha -> contract

M3 -> relax

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20
Q

BROCHIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE

SNS and PNS

A

B2 -> relax

M3 -> contract

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21
Q

amphetamine

A

indirect acting adrenergic agonist

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22
Q

ephedrine

A

direct and indirect acting adrenergic acting

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23
Q

heart stimulation of beta receptor effects (2)

A

increase CO
decrease peripheral restristance

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24
Q

EPI

A

alpha 1
alpha 2
B1
B2

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25
NOREPI
alpha 1 alpha 2 beta 1
26
isoproterenol
B1 increase HR B2
27
dopamine receptors
D1-5 vasodilation higher doses: alpha 1 beta 1
28
dobutamine
beta 1
29
adenoreceptor antagonist drug irriversible
phenoxybenzamine - covalent bond
30
adenoreceptor antagonist drug reversible (4)
phentolamine tolazoline prazosin labetaolol
31
what do adrenorecptor antangotinst treat
HTN pheochromocytoma
32
propranolol
beta antagonist non-selective B1, B2 -decrease CO - lower BP, prevents reflex tachy - inhibit renin - toxicity with B blockade
33
metoprolol
B1 safer in COPD, DM adrenergic antagonist
34
atenolol
B1 safer in COPD, DM
35
Esmolol
beta antagonist ultra short acting good for surgery
36
albuterol
B2 bronchodilation
37
clonidine
alpha 2 agonist decrease BP
38
direct acting cholinomimetics MOA
bind and activate M or N receptors esters of choline alkaloids
39
indirect acting cholinomimetics
inhibit hydrolysis or ACh inhibit acetylcholinesterase prolong ACH at junction
40
cholinomimetics effects on eye and heart
muscarinic- miosis increase ocular drainage decrease SVR- reflex tachy large doses- brady
41
indirect acting cholinomimetics quaternary ammonium group
edrophonium
42
carbonic acid esters of alcohol indirect acting cholinomimetics
carbamates neostigmine
43
indirect effect cholinmimetics organic derivatives of phosphoric acid
organophosphates longest acting
44
cholinomimetics uses
eye disease GI and urine myasthenia gravis atropine OD
45
organophosphate exposure s/s tx
SLUDGE-M atropine praloxime
46
poisonous mushrooms- muscarinic excess s/s tx
SLUDGE-M atropine
47
Atropine O/D belladonna s/s tx
BRAND blind, red, absent bowel, nuts, dry physostigmine
48
SLUDGE-M
salvation lacrimation urination defecation gi motility emesis miosis
49
nitrates, nitrites, NO MOA vascular smooth muscle side effects
activate GC increase cGMP relaxation orthostatic hypotension, HA, reflex tachy
50
beta 2 agonist MOA vascular smooth muscle
GCPR increase cAMP lungs relaxation
51
CCB MOA
block L type Ca on vascular smooth muscle and heart -> relaxation reduce BP, HR, contractility
52
Sildenafil MOA on vascular smooth muscle
blocks PDE5 increase cGMP relaxation
53
increased camp in blood vessel MOA
inhibits myosin like chain kinase- preventing MLC being phosphorylated VASODILATION
54
CCB more peripheral
dihydropyridine
55
CCB more cardiac
verapamil dilt
56
BP=
CO x PVR
57
clonidine and methyldopa
centrally acting sympathoplegics- on brainstem ALPHA 2 antihypertensive
58
alpha 1 blockers (3)
prazosin terazonsin doxazosin block alpha 1in arterioles/venules
59
minoxidil
VASODILATOR: arteries and arterioles opens K+ channel in smooth muscle
60
hydralazine
VASODILATOR arterioles NO production toxicity: Ha, N/V, flushing
61
Sodium nitroprusside
VASODILATOR release NO -> increase cGMP htn emergency dilates arterial and venous
62
fenoldopam
VASODILATOR agonist of D1 receptors increase blood flow to kidneys HTN post-op
63
ARBS (2)
losartan valsartan angiotensin 2 receptor blockers
64
ACE inhibitors
captropril
65
renin inhibitor
aliskiren
66
diastolic HR
reduced filling hypertrophy decrease CO normal EF don't use inotropic
67
digoxin effective conc toxic conc
inhibits Na/K ATPase slows down Na/Ca exchanger more Ca in cell positive inotrope effective 1 ng/ml toxic 2 ng/ml
68
milrinone
bipyridine phosphodiesterase inhibitor activates cAMP and cGMP vasodilation inotropic
69
SA node rate
75
70
cardiac cycle
0: Na in 1: K, CL out 2: Ca in K out 3: K out 4 RMP: K inward rectifying
71
4 antiarythmic classes
1: Na channel blocker 2: sympatholytic- BB 3: prolong action potential- besides K Na) 4: block Ca channel currents- CCB
72
quinidine
Na channel blocker type A lengthens ADP/ERP dissociation intermediate
73
lido
na channel blocker type B shortens ADP/ERP fast dissocaition
74
flecainide
sodium channel blocker type C no effect ADP/ERP slow dissociation
75
drug of choice for VT
amio effects all 4 classes
76
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
slows down sodium hydrogen exchanger acetazolamide: more K wasting due to bicarb wasting
77
loop diuretics (2)
NK2CL K+ drives Mg and CA out paracellular furosemide ethacrynic acid
78
thiazides
DCT Na Cl co-cotansporter active Ca reabsorption hydrochlorothiazide
79
principle cells
aldosterone ENAC: more Na in than K channel.... drives Cl out paracellular
80
spiralactone
k sparing blocks aldo -> blocks ENAC
81
ADH vaso
AQP2 to cell surface collecting tubule
82
conivaptan
ADH antagonist
83
bendyrl
h1 antihistamine sedation
84

2024 PHARM (7 decks)

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