Section 2 - Limitations

Question 1

What is the color code for instrument markings?

Answer 1

Red - operating limit. Edge of red line indicates limit. Pointer should not enter red during normal operation.

Yellow - precautionary or special operating procedure range

Green - normal operating range

Question 2

What are the airspeed limits?

Answer 2

Vne up to 3000ft density altitude: 102 KIAS

Above 3000ft density altitude: see placard

Question 3

What are the power on rotor speed limits?

Answer 3

Max: 104% (530 RPM)
Min: 101% (515 RPM)

*transient operation at lower RPM permitted for emergency procedures training)

Question 4

What are the power off rotor speed limits?

Answer 4

Max: 110% (561 RPM)
Min: 90% (459 RPM)

Question 5

What are the engine speed limits?

Answer 5

Max continuous: 104% (2652 RPM)
Max transient: 106% (2700 RPM)

Question 6

What is the cylinder head max temperature?

Answer 6

500⁰F

Question 7

What is the oil max temperature?

Answer 7

245⁰F

Question 8

What are the oil pressure limits?

Answer 8

Min during idle: 25 psi
Min during flight: 55 psi
Max during flight: 95 psi
Max during start & warm up: 115 psi

Question 9

Oil quantity min for takeoff

Answer 9

4 qt

Question 10

What are the manifold pressure limits?

Answer 10

Variable, found on placards

Question 11

What is the max gross weight?

Answer 11

1370 lbs

Question 12

What is the min gross weight?

Answer 12

920 lbs

Question 13

What is the max weight per seat (including baggage)?

Answer 13

240 lbs

Question 14

What is the max weight in each baggage compartment?

Answer 14

50 lbs

Question 15

Where is the reference datum?

Answer 15

100 inches forward of main rotor shaft centerline

Question 16

With both doors installed, how much must a solo pilot and baggage weigh to ensure CG within limits?

Answer 16

135 lbs

Question 17

What is the first flight and maneuver limitation?

Answer 17

Aerobatic flight prohibited.

Question 18

What is the second flight and maneuver limitation?

Answer 18

Low G cyclic pushovers prohibited.

Question 19

Caution: why should abrupt control inputs be avoided?

Answer 19

Abrupt control inputs may produce high fatigue stresses and cause catastrophic failure of a critical component.

Question 20

Caution: what are pushovers and why are they prohibited?

Answer 20

A pushover (forward cyclic maneuver) performed from level flight or following a pull-up causes a low g condition which can result in loss of lateral control.

Question 21

Caution: how do you recover from a low G condition?

Answer 21

Immediately apply gentle aft cyclic. Should a roll commence during a low G condition, apply gentle aft cyclic to reload rotor before applying lateral cyclic to stop the roll.

Question 22

What is the third flight and maneuver limitation?

Answer 22

Flight prohibited with governor off (except for in flight malfunction or emergency training)

Question 23

What is the fourth flight and maneuver limitation?

Answer 23

Flight in known icing conditions prohibited.

Question 24

What is the fifth flight and maneuver limitation

Answer 24

Max operating density altitude 14,000 ft.

Question 25

What is the sixth flight and maneuver limitation?

Answer 25

Governor, OAT gauge, Alternator, and Low rotor RPM warning system must be operational for dispatch. (GOAL)

Question 26

What is the seventh flight and maneuver limitation?

Answer 26

Min crew is one pilot in the right seat. A flight instructor may act as pilot in command from the left seat. Solo flight from right seat only.

Question 27

What is the eighth flight and maneuver limitation?

Answer 27

Left seat belt must be buckled.

Question 28

What is the ninth flight and maneuver limitation?

Answer 28

Operation approved with either or both doors removed. Loose items must be properly secured.

Question 29

What is the tenth flight and maneuver limitation?

Answer 29

A functioning headset must be worn by each pilot.

Question 30

What kinds of operation are permitted?

Answer 30

VFR day and night operations.

Question 31

When are night VFR operations permitted?

Answer 31

When landing, navigation, instrument, and anti-collision lights are operational. Orientation during night flight must be maintained by visual reference to ground objects illuminated solely by lights on the ground or adequate celestial illumination.

Question 32

What fuel is used in the R22?

Answer 32

100LL

Question 33

What is the total fuel capacity (in gallons)?

Answer 33

Total: 28 Main: 18.3 Aux: 9.7

Question 34

What is the usable fuel capacity (in gallons)?

Answer 34

Total: 26.3 Main: 16.9 Aux: 9.4

Question 35

What are the ASI markings?

Answer 35

Green arc: 50 to 102 KIAS Red line: 102 KIAS

Question 36

What are the rotor tach markings?

Answer 36

Yellow arc: 60 to 70% Lower red line: 90% Lower yellow arc: 90 to 101% Green arc: 101 to 104% Upper yellow arc: 104 to 110% Upper red line: 110%

Question 37

What are the engine tach markings?

Answer 37

Yellow arc: 60 to 70% Lower red arc: 90 to 101% Green arc: 101 to 104% Upper red arc: 104 to 110%

Question 38

What are the oil pressure markings?

Answer 38

Lower red line: 25 psi Lower yellow arc: 25 to 55 psi Green arc: 55 to 95 psi Upper yellow arc: 95 to 115 psi Upper red line: 115 psi

Question 39

What are the oil temp markings?

Answer 39

Green arc: 75 to 245⁰F Red line: 245⁰F

Question 40

What are the cylinder head temp markings?

Answer 40

Green arc: 200 to 500⁰F Red line: 500⁰F

Question 41

What are the manifold pressure markings?

Answer 41

Yellow arcs denote variable MAP limits. See placard. Yellow arc: 19.6 to 24.1 in. Hg Red line: 24.1 in. Hg

Question 42

What are the carb air temp markings?

Answer 42

Yellow arc: -15 to 5⁰C

Question 43

What placards in view of pilot in flight?

Answer 43

Limit MAP chart, Vne chart

Question 44

What placard near main fuel tank cap?

Answer 44

FUEL AVIATION GASOLINE - GRADE 100LL OR SEE PILOT'S HANDBOOK

Question 45

What placard near aux tank filler cap?

Answer 45

AUX FUEL AVIATION GASOLINE - GRADE 100LL OR SEE PILOT'S HANDBOOK

Question 46

Placard near shut-off valve:

Answer 46

FUEL ON OFF

Question 47

Placard near main tank gauge:

Answer 47

16.9 US GAL

Question 48

Placard near aux tank gauge:

Answer 48

AUX 9.4 US GAL

Question 49

Placard in clear view of both occupants:

Answer 49

NO SMOKING

Question 50

Placard in clear view of pilot (with aft battery installations:)

Answer 50

SEE PILOT'S HANDBOOK FOR SOLO PILOT WEIGHT LESS THAN 135 LB (61 KG)

Question 51

Placards in clear view of pilot:

Answer 51

THIS ROTORCRAFT APPROVED FOR DAY AND NIGHT VFR OPERATIONS LOW-G PUSHOVERS PROHIBITED

Question 52

Placard on left hand cyclic:

Answer 52

SOLO FROM RIGHT SEAT ONLY

Question 53

Placard on or near collective controls:

Answer 53

NO STOWAGE KEEP AREA CLEAR

Question 54

Placard inside each baggage compartment:

Answer 54

CAUTION DO NOT EXCEED ANY OF THE FOLLOWING: •COMPARTMENT CAPACITY: 50 LB MAX •COMBINED SEAT PLUS COMPARTMENT: 240 LB MAX •ROTORCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT LIMIT SEE ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL FOR ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS

Question 55

Placard on carburetor air temp gauge:

Answer 55

CAUTION BELOW 18 IN. MP, IGNORE GAUGE & APPLY FULL CARB HEAT

Question 56

Placard near push-pull control when heater is installed:

Answer 56

IN CASE OF ENGINE FIRE PUSH HEATER CONTROL TO OFF

Question 57

What limitations are imposed upon sub 200 hour pilots?

Answer 57

Flight in winds above 25 knots, gust spread above 15 knots, or continued flight in moderate, severe, or extreme turbulence prohibited.

Question 58

What should you do if you encounter moderate or worse turbulence?

Answer 58

Adjust forward airspeed to be between 60 knots and 0.7 Vne, but no lower than 57 knots.

Question 59

What is moderate turbulence?

Answer 59

Turbulence that causes: 1. Changes in attitude or altitude; 2. Variations in airspeed; and 3. Aircraft occupants to feel strains against seat belts