Section 3, Chapter 11

Question 1

What percentage of children and adolescents have obesity?

Answer 1

Approximately 18% 

Question 2

When working with a client who has overweight or obesity, about what topic is important to ask? 

Answer 2

Permission to talk about weight 

Question 3

What was the main contributor to the increase in daily caloric intake in both men and women between 1971 and 2000? 

Answer 3

Increase in carbohydrate intake 

Question 4

What are the three diagnostic tests used to classify obesity and overweight in adults? 

Answer 4

Body mass index (BMI)
Waist circumference
Waist to hip ratio (WHR)

Question 5

One method for classifying overweight and obesity that provides an objective ratio describing the relationship between body weight and height 

Answer 5

BMI

Question 6

One method for classifying overweight and obesity that is a reliable indicator of an individuals relative amount of visceral fat

Answer 6

Waist circumference 

Question 7

This measurement is superior to BMI in predicting cardiovascular disease risk 

Answer 7

Waist circumference 

Question 8

One method for classifying overweight and obesity that involves dividing the clients waist measurement by his or her hip measurement 

Answer 8

Waist to hip ratio (WHR)

Question 9

This measurement is a good predictor of all cause morbidity and cardiovascular disease mortality 

Answer 9

WHR

Question 10

What is the equation for calculating BMI?

Answer 10

[Weight (lb)/Height2 (in)] x 703

Question 11

What are key strategies for helping a client lose weight?

Answer 11

-Portion control
-Eating frequency
-Consuming foods high in nutrient density and low in energy density 

Question 12

When working with clients with overweight or obesity what is a realistic goal for initial weight loss? 

Answer 12

5 to 10%

Question 13

What are factors that contribute to obesity?

Answer 13

Environmental factors
Stress
Genetics
Hormones
Sleep
Energy balance (higher EI versus lower EE)

Question 14

What are examples of environmental factors that contribute to obesity?

Answer 14

• The availability, quantity and energy density of foods consumed
  -Availability of labor saving devices
  -More time spent sitting
• Less availability of facilities were one can be active in the built environment

Question 15

According to the text, what is probably the major factor contributing to the obesity epidemic?

Answer 15

Environmental factors 

Question 16

According to research, genes are a factor in obesity but not as important as what? 

Answer 16

Lifestyle 

Question 17

The genetic predisposition to obesity can be reduced by about how much by being physically active? 

Answer 17

40%

Question 18

When working with a client to lose weight, it’s important to remember what?

Answer 18

Not all people respond the same way to diet and exercise 

Question 19

How does fat tissue function like endocrine organs?

Answer 19

It secretes hormones

Question 20

What are 3 key hormones produced by fat tissue and their impact?

Answer 20

1. Leptin - communicates with the hypothalamus regarding energy reserves in fat cells
2. Adiponectin - helps insulin do it’s job
3. Immune hormones - connected to inflammation

Question 21

EE = ?

Answer 21

Energy expenditure

Question 22

EI = ?

Answer 22

Energy intake

Question 23

A simple sugar. The form in which all carbohydrates are used as the body’s principal energy source. 

Answer 23

Glucose 

Question 24

The chief carbohydrate storage material formed by the liver and stored in the liver and muscle. 

Answer 24

Glycogen 

Question 25

A hormone produced in the stomach that is responsible for stimulating appetite

Answer 25

Ghrelin

Question 26

A satiety hormone that is released from the intestines 

Answer 26

Peptide YY

Question 27

It is the second leading cause of preventable death in America 

Answer 27

Obesity 

Question 28

How does obesity impact life expectancy? 

Answer 28

It reduces life expectancy by as much as 10 to 20 years

Question 29

What is the BMI range classification for overweight? 

Answer 29

25.0 - 29.9 BMI

Question 30

What is the BMI range classification for obesity class one? 

Answer 30

30.0 - 34.9 BMI

Question 31

What is the BMI range classification for obesity class 2?

Answer 31

35.0 - 39.9 BMI

Question 32

What is the BMI classification for extreme obesity? 

Answer 32

40.0 or higher BMI

Question 33

What are five strategies to create an energy deficit?

Answer 33

Follow a menu plan Limit sugar intake Control portion size Limit sedentary activities >150 minutes of physical activity a week

Question 34

Four areas that impact obesity

Answer 34

Diet Physical activity Sleep Stress 

Question 35

The consumption of energy from food, balanced with the output of energy through life-sustaining functions, physical activity, and exercise. 

Answer 35

Energy balance

Question 36

When energy intake and energy expenditure are equal

Answer 36

Weight maintenance 

Question 37

When energy intake is greater than energy expenditure

Answer 37

Weight gain 

Question 38

When energy intake is less than energy expenditure

Answer 38

Weight loss 

Question 39

How does sleep deprivation impact weight?

Answer 39

Disrupts hormone levels  Impairs metabolism

Question 40

Where should waist circumference be measured? 

Answer 40

At the narrowest part of the torso above the umbilicus, and below the xiphoid process 

Question 41

What is the waist circumference in women and also in men that are considered the risk factor threshold for metabolic and coronary disease?

Answer 41

>= 35 inches in women >= 40 inches in men

Question 42

Obesity related metabolic diseases

Answer 42

Diabetes Insulin resistance 

Question 43

Waist circumference is a reliable indicator of an individual’s relative amount of what?

Answer 43

Visceral fat 

Question 44

Two main types of body fat

Answer 44

Subcutaneous - under the skin Visceral - surrounding the internal organs 

Question 45

Two important functions of visceral body fat

Answer 45

Helps to maintain levels of free fatty acids in the blood  Facilitates the regulation of blood insulin 

Question 46

During digestion, the body breaks down fats into what (for absorption into the blood)?

Answer 46

Fatty acids 

Question 47

Fatty acid molecules are usually joined together in groups of three, forming a molecule called what? 

Answer 47

A triglyceride 

Question 48

In cases of overweight and obesity, visceral fat can be infiltrated by specific immune cells known as macrophages that trigger insulin resistance. This is a precursor for what?

Answer 48

Diabetes and prediabetes