section 4 Flashcards

1
Q

homes of the gentry

A

new country houses, sometimes over 50 rooms, glazed windows, finely decorated chimneys

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2
Q

gentry- feasts

A

hosted feasts where expensive food was carried by servants on silver platters

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3
Q

gentry- diet examples

A

exotic meats: swan, pheasant
fish- salmon, sweets- sugar and marzipan, expensive wine

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4
Q

how did the gentry make a living

A

did not work, earned all their money from renting out their lands

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5
Q

homes of the middling sort

A

around 10 rooms, 2 floors, windows and chimneys, less decorated than gentry

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6
Q

middling sort food

A

good diet of meat, fruit, bread and beer
couldn’t afford luxuries

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7
Q

how did the middling sort make a living

A

merchants, small business owners or independent farmers

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8
Q

homes of the labouring poor

A

small, one room, no chimney or glazed windows

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9
Q

food- labouring poor

A

staple diet was bread but relied on a good harvest
vegetables from the garden could be made into pottage

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10
Q

how did the labouring poor make a living

A

travelled around looking for seasonal work on farms

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11
Q

who chose the gentry’s partners

A

parents

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12
Q

womens role in society

A

patriarchal
wives to always obey their husbands
domestic violence disapproved of

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13
Q

sex outside marriage

A

forbidden by the church
Many got married immediately if they were pregnant

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14
Q

Divorce

A

difficult but people were encouraged to remarry after husband or wife died

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15
Q

same sex marriage

A

forbidden by the church
homosexual relationships must be kept secret

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16
Q

why were families usually quite small although women had many children

A

high rates of infant mortality

17
Q

at what age did the gentry pay for their sons to go to school

A

7

18
Q

what age did children leave their family homes
to do what?

A

12/13 to work as servants or apprentices

19
Q

did people have strong bonds with extended family

A

no

20
Q

who did people turn to if they needed help over their family

A

neighbours

21
Q

what percentage of the population lived in poverty by the 1580s

A

about 30%

22
Q

vagrants/ vagabonds

A

unemployed people who roamed from town to town looking for work

23
Q

why were the gentry and middling sort worried about vagrancy

A

worried they would commit crime

spread the plague

24
Q

population increase

A

during elizabeths reign
2.4 million to 4.1 million
increased demand for wheat- inflation

25
Q

inflation

A

increased demand led to prices rising
price of wheat increased by 250%
people couldn’t afford bread (staple diet)

26
Q

failed harvests

A

1595,1596, 1597
even less wheat
further inflation

27
Q

sheep farming

A

english cloth was fashionable so sheep farming became very profitable
further inflation- wheat more expensive

28
Q

what happened to vagrants caught the first time

A

whipped and burned through the ear with a hot iron

29
Q

what happened to vagrants caught twice

A

hanged

30
Q

did harsh punishments on vagrants help poverty

A

no it did not deal with the causes

31
Q

when was the poor law

A

1601

32
Q

how long did the 1601 poor law stay in place

A

over 200 years

33
Q

poor law: the deserving poor

A

people who wanted to work but couldn’t- elderly, children, disabled

34
Q

poor law: undeserving poor

A

people who could work but didn’t- criminals, lazy people

35
Q

how were the deserving poor treated

A

poor relief (benefits)
materials for work
apprenticeships for young people

36
Q

how were the undeserving poor treated

A

threatened with deterrents such as whipping and hand labour

37
Q

how was the 1601 poor law paid for

A

a tax called the poor rate

38
Q

how was the 1601 poor law managed

A

by JPs