Section 8

Question 1

“total chemical energy available to perform aerobic work”

Answer 1

aerobic capacity

Question 2

“highest mitochondrial transformation of chemical energy per minute, measured as VO2 max”

Answer 2

maximal aerobic power

Question 3

VO2 max

Answer 3

maximal oxygen uptake

Question 4

Three energy systems

Answer 4

1. ATP-CP system
2. Glycogen to lactate system
3. Oxidative system

Question 5

Which energy system do we rely on during prolonged exercise?

Answer 5

O2 system/aerobic system

Question 6

True or false?

Estimation of pure aerobic metabolism is impossible to perform

Answer 6

True, it is impossible to perform

Question 7

What is the contribution of non-oxidative metabolism during moderate exercise intensity (12-14) min?

Answer 7

minimal, rely more on oxidative metabolism

Question 8

How do we measure maximal aerobic power (VO2max)?

Answer 8

1. all outperformance
2. greater than 8 minutes
3. fixed cadence (60 rpm, increase every 2 min)
4. increasing workload

Question 9

How do we test maximal aerobic power in children?

Answer 9

• same equipment

- cycle modifications (seat closer to pedals, lower pedal circumference, visual cadence)

Question 10

Other options to measure VO2 max

Answer 10

• mechanical power during maximal effort (watts/watts/kg)
• extrapolate submaximal performance (PWC170)
• anaerobic threshold

Question 11

Maximal VO2 test criteria

Answer 11

• max heart rate met = 220-age
• RER greater than 1.05
• VO2 plateau despite increased workload

Question 12

RER

Answer 12

VCO2/VO2

Question 13

What % of children reach VO2 plateau?

Answer 13

only 40-50% of children

Question 14

%Fat and %carbs when RER = 1.00

Answer 14

0% Fat and 100% carb

Question 15

%fat and %carbs when RER = 0.85

Answer 15

50% and 50%

Question 16

%fat and %carbs when RER = 0.70

Answer 16

100% fat and 0% carbs

Question 17

Growth-related adaptations in aerobic performance

Answer 17

1. cardiovascular
2. ventilatory
3. economy of movement

Question 18

Fick equation

Answer 18

VO2 = Q (Cao2 - Cvo2)

= HR x SV (Cao2 - Cvo2)

Question 19

With growth, heart size_________ (increases or decreases)

Answer 19

increases

Question 20

With growth, heart rate_________ (increases or decreases)

Answer 20

decreases

Question 21

With growth, SV________ (increases or decreases)

Answer 21

increases

Question 22

With growth, Q________ (increases or decreases)

Answer 22

increases

Question 23

In young children, VO2_________ (increases/decreases) with exercise which _______ a-VO2 difference

Answer 23

increases, increases

Question 24

At the same VO2 children:
\_\_\_HR
\_\_\_SV
\_\_\_ Q
>/< Cao2 - Cvo2

Answer 24

increased HR, decreased SV (smaller heart), same cardiac output, greater a-VO2 diff (children working closer to their maximum)

Question 25

Ventilatory equivalent

Answer 25

Ve/VO2 (lower= more efficient)

Question 26

Does ventilatory equivalent increase or decrease with age?

Answer 26

decrease

Question 27

As we age, O2 uptake_________(increases/decreases) at the same workload

Answer 27

decreases

Question 28

Children have a ________(higher/lower) cost of locomotion than young adults

Answer 28

higher

Question 29

Children have a _______(lower/higher) metabolic reserve

Answer 29

lower, increases with age

Question 30

Metabolic reserve

Answer 30

VO2 max - VO2 during submaximal exercise

Question 31

Does co-contraction of muscles increase or decrease cost of locomotion?

Answer 31

increase, not efficient

Question 32

Absolute submaximal aerobic power

Answer 32

- increases with age - males 3x increase - females 2x increase

Question 33

Relative submaximal aerobic power

Answer 33

- watts/kg | - remains constant

Question 34

Absolute VO2 max

Answer 34

- males increase to age 16 - females increase to age 13 - males greater than females

Question 35

Relative VO2 max

Answer 35

- slight decrease with age (male and female)

Question 36

Children's lactate levels are _____(lower/higher) than adults during prolonged exercise

Answer 36

lower

Question 37

Children's RER value is ________ (lower/higher) than adults, which means they use more_______

Answer 37

lower, fats

Question 38

Women burn more_______ and girls burn more______

Answer 38

carbs, fat

Question 39

During moderate exercise, pre-adolescence relationship with SA is____

Answer 39

low

Question 40

During moderate exercise, adolescence correlation with SA is

Answer 40

0.30-0.70

Question 41

Relative VO2 maturity association

Answer 41

males- late-maturing greater VO2 max than ages 11-13 | females- no maturity related difference