Section A Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is urbanisation
The GROWTH of people living in urban areas
55% of the words population like in rural areas
Do HICs experience high or low urbanisation?
Why?
Low urbanisation.
HIC are highly developed meaning roughly 80% of their population already live in urban areas
Do LICS experience high or low urbanisation?
Why?
High urbanisation
LICs are underdeveloped which means only 30% of their populations live in urban areas. This means more people more into urban areas
Do NEEs experience high or low urbanisation?
Why?
a moderate amount of urbanisation
NEEs are continuously developing, this means roughly 50% of their population are already living in urban areas, so a medium amount of people are moving in to urban areas
Push factors of rural to urban migrations
Natural disaster can damage property- rural areas struggle to repair this damage due to lack of resources
Desertification- loss of fertile soil means lack of food
Lack of job opportunities - mechanisation of farming
Pull factors of rural to urban migrations
More jobs
Better access to healthcare
Join family members
more appealing life style
What is sustainable living
Living in a way that is socially economically and environmentally beneficial without negatively affecting people in the future
Name seven sustainable schemes Bristol has used
⭐️Invested heavily in biking infrastructure
⭐️Growing network of EV charging stations
⭐️Bristol waste company runs repair cafes and reuse projects
⭐️The city has green roofs and sustainable drainage
⭐️new eco homes built with energy efficient materials
⭐️Bio methane powered public transport
⭐️Heavily invested in solar panels
How successful has Bristol been in their sustainable schemes
Positive:
Won European green capital 2015
Has one of the highest recycling rates in the uk
Negative:
A 2023 analysis by friends of the earth= 91% of bristols neighbourhoods have nitrogen dioxide levels higher than the safety limit of the world health organisation
There has been a decline in wildlife population such as a 96% decline in songbird species like starlings
Environmental problems of traffic congestion
Increase in air pollution ans greenhouse gases
Contributes to climate change
Economic problems of traffic congestion
People late for work, deliveries delayed which causes company losses
Social problems of traffic congestion
Higher chance of accidents
health issues for pedestrians and cyclists who breath in air pollution
Urban transport strategy used in London
⭐️DLR connects east London to westminister- used by 120 million people a year
⭐️London Underground takes 3 million people off the roads each day
⭐️self service bicycles are available and cheaper than other forms of transport
Three facts about Rio de janeiro
5% of brazils GFP
Second most important industrial area
Most of their problems are caused by high population
Social challenges of Rio de janeiro
Healthcare- lack of access in favellas due to poor facilities and provision
Education- shortage of schools and staff
Energy- constant blackouts = people tapping into the electricity supply without experience= dangerous
Social solutions of Rio de janeiro
Healthcare-Sending in medical staff and improving cable cars - health cover increased from 4% to 70%
Education- volunteers going to favellas to teach , over 1000 primary school, 400 secondary school
Energy- new nuclear power plant and hydroelectric power projects
Economic challenges of Rio de janeiro
Crime- struggle to attract businesses
Unemployment- low multiplier affect- people do not pay bills
Economic solutions of Rio de janeiro
Crime- police units to monitor favellas in monitored areas murder rates fell by up to 75%
Unemployment- encouraging tourism = growth of service sector
Positive multiplier effect -creates jobs - 200,000 in tourism
Environmental challenges of Rio de Janeiro
Traffic congestion= air pollution caused by rapid increase of drivers - 5000 deaths per year
Water pollution= sickness12% Rio no access to clean water
Waste pollution= sickness 35% of waste contaminated guanabara bay bcs its transferred to open sewers
Environmental solutions of Rio de janeiro
Traffic congestion-development of the new metro lines and investment in roads
Water pollution- new sewage systems and fines for ships that discharge fuel
Waste pollution- Veolia, power plant that absorbs methane from rotting rubbish
Rochina is the largest favela, what is the main problems
Lack of access to electricity and sanitation
Poor building security
High levels of unemployment and crime
Favela bairro project postitives
Provided residents land to build their homes on
Government provided:
Electricity
water
Sewage systems
Favela bairro project negatives
Rising rent
Lack of maintenance
Lack of skills to repair or upgrade homes
