Section B Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is the difference between more and less developed countries called
The global development gap
What is development
The process of a countries growth through to use of technology and improving welfare
Name four measures of development
GNI per capita- average income
Literacy rate
Infant mortality rate- under age 1 deaths per 1000
Life expectancy
Limitations of GNI and social indicators
GNI- a couple wealthy people can skew the GNI, making it higher even if most of the country is poor
Social indicators- misleading as some parts of a country develop quicker than other parts, this makes the country look like they’re developing but they are not
What is the human development index calculated from
GNI
Life expectancy
Education level
What is the HDI value inbewteeen
0 to 1
1 is the most developed a country can be
What does the demographic transition model show
How birth and death rates affect a countries growth
What is natural increase and decrease
Natural increase- when the population rises due to there being more births than death
Natural decrease- when the population falls due to there being more deaths than births
What four things can a population growth/decline be affected by
Infant mortality rates
Access to contraception
Lack of money
Healthcare available
Physical causes of uneven development
Poor climate and farming land- lack of growth means malnutrition and low quality of life
Lots of natural disasters
Few raw material- fewer products to export, less money
Economic causes of uneven development
Lots of debt- debt must be payed so this means less money goes towards development
An economy based in primary products- primary products make less money than manufactured goods
Poor trade links - limited access to cheap well made products
Historical causes of uneven development
Colonisation- former colonies had their materials stolen from them and sold by their colonisers who then gained the profits
Conflict- money is spent on the army, people are killed which decreases the multiplier effect, damage to buildings and healthcare is disrupted by injured soldiers which increases infant mortality rate
Consequences of uneven development
Health- people in less developed countries have a low quality of healthcare increasing deaths and sickness
Wealth- less developed countries has poor wealth , cause creates a low quality of life
Three ways to reduce the development gap
Aid- money / resources given by charities or foreign governments
Fair trade- farmers get payed a fair price for their products
Investment- people or companies in different countries buys property of invests in infrastructure in another country
