Section C Flashcards
(23 cards)
Why so global food consumption increasing
Population expected to increase to 9 billion by 2050
Economic development- countries getting wealthier= more disposable income to spend on food
Physical factors that affect food insecurity
Climate - unsuitable for growing food
Water stress- unable to water crops and unfertile soil
Pests and diseases - reduces crop yield
Human factors that affect foot security
Conflict- destroys agricultural land
Poverty- people can’t afford land to grow their own food on
Technology- mechanisation increases productivity
Negative impacts of food insecurity
Rising prices
Social unrest- riots and civil wars
Famine- high chance of death
Two challenges in making sure food supply is sustainable
Growing enough food for growing population
making sure to not damage environment so future populations can grow food
Two sustainable ways of farming
Organic farming= uses natural processes to return nutrients to soil
EG: natural fertilisers
Permaculture= produce food in a way that recreates natural ecosystems
EG: introducing natural predators means less need for pesticides
Urbana farming techniques
Rooftop gardens
Community gardens
Hydroponics- growing plants with nutrient rich water solution
How is eating seasonally more sustainable
Less food miles
Supports local farmers
Why is demand for water in the UK increasing
Since 1975 household water volume has gone up by over 75%
Population is suspected to increase by 6 million in 2040
Plans to build new homes in the south east where there is already water deficit
Eutrophication is a major problem because it reduces the amount of water available to use. What is eutrophication
Nutrients like nitrates and phosphates from factories or sewage is washed into water
This acts like a fertiliser for algae which causes rapid growth
The algae floats to the surface of the water , blocking sunlight and oxygen from reaching below
Why is eutrophication a problem
Plants and animals die
Destroys ecosystems
Affects fishing industries
A solution to water scarcity is water transfer : what are the negatives?
Dams can affect wildlife
Aqueducts and dams are expensive to build
Political issues- people might not want to share their water with another area
In 1970 how much of the uk electricity come from coal
91%
What did the discovery of gas reserves in the North Sea mean for the uk
This meant that by 1980 , 22% of the uks energy was supplied by gas
Why is there less demand for coal oil and gas in the uk
The uk supplies are running out
Effort the reduce CO2 emissions
Last feel coal mine in the UK closed in December 2015
Problems caused by exploiting energy resources
Expensive to extract fossil fuels consumer costs are high
Wind farms are considered eye sore
How has the uk economy changed
Since the 1969s the economy has gone from being based on manufacturing to tertiary and quaternary industries
Statistics for the UKs economy in 2017
4 million employed in services
£33 billion spent on research
670,000 employed in info tech
3 main causes of economic change in the uk
De industrialisation- as other countries industrialised they could produce goods for cheaper, increase competition forced UK manufacturing industries to close
Globalisation- A lot of manufacturing was moved overseas because it was cheaper
Government polices- in 1980s several manufacturing Hindus tried run by the government were privatised, leading to major job loss
Causes of north south divide
Thatcher closing down mines in the north- major job loss and stagnant economy
Few skilled job opportunities
Lack of transport links
Solutions of north south divide
Paying tax incentives to business to set up their HQ in the north
Relocating major business’s- BBC relocated to Salford - create high skilled tech jobs
Better funding for universities
Uk links the other countries
Trade- overseas exports pay the UK £160 billion per year
Culture- creative industries- Shawn the sheep shown in 170 countries
Transport - the channel tunnels links the uk to France and mainland Europe
Improvements to transport network
Roads - motorways upgraded with extra lanes
Tunnels - Silvertown tunnel made to ease congestion at Blackwall tunnel
Train stations - network rail has submitted plans to upgrade Liverpool station. The upgrade will accommodate over 200 million passengers annually
