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GCSE Geography Paper 2 > Section A - Urban Change In The UK > Flashcards

Section A - Urban Change In The UK Flashcards

1
Q

what is the population of Belfast

A

280,00

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2
Q

what is the population of Glasgow

A

560,000

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3
Q

what is the population of Edinburgh

A

450,000

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4
Q

what is the population of Leeds

A

720,000

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5
Q

what is the popultion of Sheffield

A

512,000

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6
Q

what is the population of London

A

7.2 million

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7
Q

what is the poopulation of Cardiff

A

310,000

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8
Q

what is the population of Bristol

A

380,000

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9
Q

what is the population of Birmingham

A

992,000

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10
Q

what is the population of Liverpool

A

440,000

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11
Q

what is the population of Manchester

A

420,000

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12
Q

why is the Uk population not evenly distributed

A

the Uk population is not evenly distributed because 82% live in urban areas. 1/4 of these people live in London and the south east. the uk’s distribution is due to the 18th century - the Industrial Revoution

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13
Q

what was the Industrial revolution

A

the Industrial Revolution was where cities grew in areas of rich coal and iron ore. some of these places include Glasgow, Manchester, Leeds, Cardiff and Newcastle

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14
Q

why did London grow

A

London grew because of its political and administrive functions. at this time it was also the capital of a huge global empire

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15
Q

why did Belfast, Edinburugh and Cardiff grow

A

Belfast, Edinburugh and Cardiff grew as a result of the British Empire’s success

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16
Q

why did Birmingham grow

A

Birmingham grew due because of its Industrial innovation and central geographical position

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17
Q

which cities did the narval trade improve the growth of

A

the narval trade improved the growths of ports like London, Liverpool and Bristol

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18
Q

what factors affect the distribution of the UK population

A

There has recently been a movement from urban to rural areas. Since 1997, annual inward migration to the Uk has been greater than outward migration. there has been a general drift towards south east England and London

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19
Q

what is major UK city where the population has fallen

A

Sunderland

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20
Q

how many people are there per km^2, in the UK’s lowest density

A

in the Scottish Highlands, there are 9 people per km^2

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21
Q

how many people are there per km^2, in the lowest density in Northern Island

A

in Moyle there are 35 people per km^2

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22
Q

how many people are there per km^2, in the lowest density in England

A

in Eden, there are 25 people per km^2

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23
Q

how many people are there per km^2, in the lowest density in Wales

A

in Wales, there are 26 people per km^2

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24
Q

how many people are there per km^2, in the UK’s highest density outside London

A

in Portsmouth, there are 5141 people per km^2

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25
Q

how many people are there per km^2, in the UK’s highest density

A

in Islington London, there are 14517 people per km^

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26
Q

why is Bristol a major UK city

A

it is the largest city in South west England. the population is 440,500, people. Bristol is expected to hit 1/2 million peopel by 2029. ir has regional and national importance. it is one of the UK’s ten ‘core cities’.

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27
Q

what are some facts about Bristol

A

it has 2 universities. it has the largest concentration of silicon chip manufacture outside of California. it has 2 cathedrals. there are several theatres and music venues. Bristol is home to Aardman studies. it is the Uk’s 8th most popular city for foreign visitors

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28
Q

when did Bristol develop

A

Bristol developed in the 18th century as part of the triangular trade linking West Africa and West Indies

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29
Q

what are the 2 major docks in Bristol

A

Avonmouth and Royal Portbury

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30
Q

how many cars are imported each year from Japan, Germany and Korea

A

about 700,000 cars

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31
Q

why did Bristol’s population double between 1851 and 1891

A

Bristol’s population doubled because people arrived, looking for work.

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32
Q

How much of Bristol’s population do migrants account for

A

migration from abroad accounts for half of Bristol’s population growth.

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33
Q

what sectors are migrant workers employed for

A

migrant workers are emloyed for a range of sectors: hospitality, manufacturing, construction, retail, health, transport

34
Q

what impacts did migrants have on Bristol

A

contribute to national and local economy. young migrants mainly help balance out ageing population. pressure on housing and employement. hard working and motivated workforce. improving level of skills where there are shortages. enriching cities cultural life, challenge of integration into wider community. need to provide education for children whose first language isn’t English

35
Q

why is Bristol an important international city

A

it holds a specific position on the m4 corridor, with good road and rail links and easy access to London and rail/ferry services to Europe. Bristol airport links the city to major European centres and the USA. Bristol University attracts students from all over the world

36
Q

what is Bristol’s waste disposal problem

A

waster per head is 23% lower than UK average but over half a million tonnes of water still produced per year. one of the worst cities in the country for food waste

37
Q

how is Bristol reducing the environmental impact of waste disposal

A

1) reducing amount going to landfill.
2) reducing amount of waste generated per household by 15%.
3) increasing waste recycling by 50%

38
Q

Since 2000, Bristol’s population has grown by 9% while its waste per household has reduced by 18% in the same period. how was this achieved

A

more facilities for recycling different household items. improving technology being used for recycling. higher targets with contractors who handle household waste. recyclable waste is used to generate electricity for homes in Bristol

39
Q

what are some facts about atomspheric pollution in Bristol

A

vehicle emission are the main cause of air pollutionin the city. Bristol is the most congested city in England and the main bus routes are often the most polluted. an estimated 200 people die in the city as a result of air pollution each year. the whole of the city has been made a smoke control area. the prevailing winds are from the south west

40
Q

what is energy revery

A

energy recovery is the combustion of non recyclable waste into heat and electricity

41
Q

what are some facts about Bristol’s eco freindly ‘poo bus’

A

Britain’s first bus to be powered by human and food waste will transport people between Bath and Bristol Airport. the bus will run on bio-methane gas produced at a sewage treatment works. the eco-friendly bus can travel up to 186 miles on one tank of gas

42
Q

how has Bristol grown

A

there are more under 16’s than 65+. eletrification of railway line to London (journey time 70 mins). population within Bristol is rapidly growing. 2 million people living within 50km. easy connections M4 to motorway to London. airports, universities, port. ethically diverse

43
Q

what are some facts about entertainment in Bristol

A

nighclubs, bars, underground music scene. Colston Hall is a venue for concerts. theatres include old Vic. migrants contribute to music, art, literature and food

44
Q

what are some facts about sport in Bristol

A

improved facilities - stadiums include leisure and conference facilities. two professional football teams

45
Q

what are some facts about shopping in Bristol

A

shopping is growing with out of town retail at Cribbs Causeway and the development of Cabot Circus- which opened in 2008 at a cost of £500 million

46
Q

what are some facts about Bristol’s habourside

A

Bristol’s habourside has been redeveloped from warehouse to art galleries, museums and At-Bristol science centres

47
Q

what are the social opportunities in Bristol

A

sport, shopping, entertainment, Bristol’s habourside

48
Q

improved shopping facilites in Bristol were needed to…

A

reduce crime, compete with other cities, improve environemnt, attract employment

49
Q

what were some developmemts to encourage people to come back to shopping in the CBD

A

pedestianising thr area and installing CCTV to improve safety. providing a more attractive shopping environemnt. the development of open street materials. improving public transport into the centre. promoting tourisim

50
Q

in order to reduce air pollution, what plans are being take place in Bristol

A

reducing speed limits on motorways and in residential areas. the Frome gallery. an electrical vehicle programme. a smartphone app with public transport information

51
Q

what high tech industries are developing in Bristol

A

Chinese telecommunications giant Huwai has invested in the city. Bristol is home to global communities like Aardman animations and Toshiba ; smaller firms working in robotics, 3d printing anad other advanced technology. 50 micro electronic and sillicon design buisnesses in the Bristol area

52
Q

what factors attract high tech businneses to Bristol

A

a governement grant of £100 million to become a super-connected city. close links between city council and university. educated and skiiled workforce. advance reasearch at the university. different industires working collaboratively in research and development. a clean and non polluted environemnt

53
Q

what some facts about Aardman Animations

A

Aardman animations are based in Bristol. the company was set up in 1972. the studio has become know for its films using stop motion clay animation techniques. after making some experimental shoty films in the 1990’s it entered the computer market. its films have won awards

54
Q

what are some facts about Defence Procurement Agency (DPA)

A

it was established on a greenfield site in 1996 and emloyes over 10,000 people. supplies the army, airforce and navy. as the number employed by the DPA increased, there was a need for more housing - this has contributed to the city’s urban sprawl

55
Q

what are some facts about the Aerospace Industry

A

14/15 of the main global aircraft companies are found in the Bristol region. supply chains have grown up in the region to supply these high tech companies. there’s a 100 year tradition for the aircraft industry in Bristol, and this is supported by world class aerospace courses

56
Q

what are Bristol’s environmental challenges

A

changes in the economy and industry of Bristol have created problems and challenges for the city’s environment. Many industrial buildings that are no longer used have become derelict (abaondoned). demand for new homes has led to urban sprawl

57
Q

what is urban sprawl

A

new housing developments in rural areas on the edge of the city

58
Q

where is Bristol’s recycling sent to

A

Bristol’s recycling is sent to reprocessors within England and Wales

59
Q

in Bristol, where are aluminium cans and foil sent to

A

warrington, cheshire

60
Q

in Bristol, where are batteries sent to

A

Chester

61
Q

in Bristol, where are textiles and shoes sent to

A

Bilston, West Midlands

62
Q

in Bristol, where is garde/food waste sent to

A

Sharpness, Gloucestshire

63
Q

in Bristol, where are steel cans and aerosals sent to

A

Port Tallbot

64
Q

in Bristol, where is engine oil sent to

A

Newport

65
Q

in Bristol, where are spectacles sent to

A

Crawley, surrex

66
Q

in Bristol, where is paper sent to

A

Aylesford, Kent

67
Q

in Bristol, where are cartons and cardboard sent to

A

sittlngbourne, Kent

68
Q

in Bristol, where is plastic sent to

A

Corbey, Northants

69
Q

what are the social inequalities in Bristol

A

lack of investment in the city has led to social imewualities between different areas. in some areas there are high levels of social deprivation

70
Q

what are the inequalities in Filwood

A

in 2010, more than 1/3 of people living in Filwood and over half of the children were in very low income households. filwood is in the top 10% of the most socially deprived areas. problems facing local resients are crime, drug use, bullying, lack of transport and dumped cars. council houses are poorly insulated. new designs are not successful. plants to replace council houses were abandoned

71
Q

what are some facts about Filwood

A

over 1300 crimes per year. 62% of people feel unsafe going out at night. death rates from cancer are above average. life expectancy is 78 years. above average teenage conception rate

72
Q

what are the inequalities in Stoke Bishop

A

very affluent suburb to the North West of the city. area overlooks the open space of Clifton Downs and the gorge of the River Avon. death rate is comparatively low

73
Q

what are some facts about Stoke Bishop

A

81% of the housing is owner occupied. highest level of car ownership in the city. fewer than 4% of children live in poverty. less than 300 crimes per year. only 3% of unemployed people. life expectancy is 83 years. 50% of population have a degree

74
Q

what are some facts about the Bristol and Bath green belt

A

Bristol council controls 5%. the rest is controlled by 3 local authorities. oppositiion from residents. wotton on Edge and Clevedon

75
Q

what are some facts about South Gloucestershire

A

north of Bristol. Bradley Stoke was a new town. in the 1980’s, 1200 new homes at Bradley Stoke. 2016/2017 - further 2000 homes. further opposition from locals

76
Q

what are some facts abut Bristol Habourside

A

moved part downstream. converted old factories and warehouses into flats/apartments. 40 year process

77
Q

why are run down areas harder/more expensive

A

run down areas are harder/more expensive because they often need to be cleared first. however existing buildings can be put to a range of goos uses

78
Q

why did the Temple Quater need regeneration

A

Temple Quater was very rundown. gave a bad impression to visitors as first part of city. The Temple Quater is the area that many visitors see when they first arrive at the Temple Meads train station

79
Q

what was the Temple Quater area like before regeneration

A

it was often flooded until construction of the ‘floating harbour’ and the feeding canal in the 19th century. water level in the harbour remained constant. 1841 - Brunel built the first railway station. 20th century - remaining terraced housing was removed

80
Q

what are the key aspects of the Temple Quater regeneration process

A

enterprise zone status. improved access from in and around Bristol. new bridge across the River Avon to the site of the former diesel depot

81
Q

what are some facts about the new Bristol Arena

A

the Bristol Arena will include a new bridge, as well as pedestrian and cycling bridge. the route is to be redeveloped with cafés, offices and flats. the arena will be used for theatre style events, exhbitions, outdoor events and sporting events

82
Q

what are some facts about the Brunel’s Engine Shed

A

it is an example of the re-use of a listed historic building. the new centre is home to high tech, creative and low-carbon sector companies. this will add to Bristol’s importance as a major UK high tech centre

GCSE Geography Paper 2 (8 decks)

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