Section B - The Development Gap Flashcards
what is development
development is making a positive change and improving living standards and quality of life
what factors affect speed of development
environemental-natural disaster. economic-trade and debt. social-safe water and education. political-stable goverment or civil war
what is the development gap
the development gap represents the difference in living standards between the world’s richest and poorest
what countries do BRICS stand for
Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
what countries do MINT stand for
Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey
what does GNI stand for
Gross National Income
what does HDI stand for
Human Development Index
what is GNI
the total value of goods and services produced by a country, plus money earned from, and paid to, other countires. It is expressed as per head (per capita) of the population
what is HDI
links health to wealth and education. it aims to show how far people are benefiting from a country’s economic growth. it is a social measure
what is an example of stage 1 of the demographic transition model
Indigenous Tribes : the birth rate and death rate remain high. they both fluctuate between higher or lower. the total population remains low
what is an example of stage 2 of the demographic transition model
Afghanistan : the birth rate remains very high. the death rate is starting to fall quite quickly. the total population begins to rise
what is an example of stage 3 of the demographic transition model
Nigeria : death rate is lower than birth rate. population is rapidly growing
what is an example of stage 4 of the demographic transition model
USA: death rates are low. lowered birth rates with smaller families. total population remains high
what problems is Germany likely to face in the next few decades?
high elderly population. low amount of young descendents. working population decreasing
what is an example of stage 5 of the demographic transition model
Germany : population decline as death rate exceeds birth rate. lowest birth rate in world. ageing population
how could Germany solve the problems they are likely to face in the next few decades
increase rates of migration. incentivise having young children. raise the retirement age
what does a narrow peak suggest on a population pyramid
high death rate because of poor healthcare
what does a wide base suggest on a population pyramid
high birth rate because of limited access to contraception
why did 4 million people flee Syria, to temporary camps in Turkey, Japan and Lebanon
a civil war has raged since 2011 - this has lead to people fleeing the country
how many migrants from Syria entered Germany in 2015
an estimated 1.1 million migrants entered Germany in 2015
What 3 strategies can reduce the development gap
Tourism, investment, industrial development
How does tourism reduce the development gap
Countries with tropic beaches, landscapes or wildlife have become tourist destinations. This has led to investment and increased income from abroad, which can be used for improved education, infrastructure and housing. Tourism can generate a lot of income but is vulnerable in times of economic recession
How does industrial development reduce the development gap
Industrial development brings employment, higher incomes and opportunities to invest in housing, education and infrastructure. The population then becomes better educated and healthier, which provides more opportunities to invest in industries and businesses. This circular process is called the multiplier effect
What is an example of industrial development
Malaysia as it had made use of foreign investment to exploit its natural resources and develop a thriving manufacturing sector
