Section B Flashcards
1
Q
environment
A
the world around us; where all behavior happens
2
Q
behavior
A
anything a living organism does
3
Q
overt behavior
A
observable and measurable behavior
4
Q
covert behavior
A
behavior that is not observable; is inferred by observers and reported by subjects
5
Q
dead man’s test
A
if a dead man can do it, then it is not behavior
6
Q
response
A
a single instance of behavior
7
Q
response class
A
a group of responses that share the same function but may look different
8
Q
stimulus
A
something that affects our receptor cells
9
Q
stimulus class
A
a group of stimuli that share common characteristics (formal, temporal, &/or functional)
10
Q
repertoire
A
all skills/behaviors an individual has mastered and are in their “tool box”
11
Q
habituation
A
a behavior that occurs from the repeated presentation of a stimulus; does not involve fatigue
12
Q
operant extinction
A
a behavior that was previously reinforced, is no longer reinforced, and as a result decreases
13
Q
respondent extinction
A
unpairing the Conditioned Stimulus with the Conditioned response, CS no longer elicits a CR
14
Q
reflex
A
An unconditioned response following a stimulus
15
Q
respondent behavior
A
Behavior occurring in response to antecedent stimuli in the environment
16
Q
respondent conditioning
A
UCS+ NS repeatedly paired, the UCS becomes CS which elicits a CR
17
Q
operant behavior
A
Learned behavior through the three term contingency; Skinner
18
Q
operant conditioning
A
reinforcement and punishments are modified to strengthen or weaken a behavior
19
Q
neutral stimulus
A
a stimulus that has no prior learning history/conditioning with the organism
20
Q
evoke
A
a voluntary response is produced; operant; MO (EO & AO)
21
Q
emit
A
a natural response to a stimulus; operant; SD
22
Q
elicit
A
an involuntary response occurs; respondent
23
Q
higher-order conditioning
A
when a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus - eliciting a response
24
Q
stimulus-stimulus pairing
A
two stimuli are presented repeatedly until results in a response
25
positive reinforcement
stimuli added; increases behavior
26
negative reinforcement
stimuli removed; increases behavior
27
positive punishment
stimuli added; decreases behavior
28
negative punishment
stimuli removed; decreases behavior
29
automatic contingency
consequence occurs on one's own, doesn't involve another individual
30
automaticity of reinforcement
reinforcement occurs without awareness of operant conditioning occurring
31
socially mediated contingencies
consequence is provided by another person, that person is the "mediator" for delivering the consequence
32
Conditioned punisher
Learned, decreases behavior
33
conditioned reinforcer
Learned, increases behavior
34
unconditioned punisher
Unlearned, decreases behavior
35
unconditioned reinforcer
Unlearned, increases behavior
36
generalized reinforcer
a learned reinforcer that has been paired with multiple conditioned or unconditioned reinforcement contingencies
37
generalized punisher
a learned punisher that has been paired with multiple conditioned or unconditioned punishment contingencies
38
schedules of reinforcement
how often and within what criteria will a behavior will receive reinforcement
39
continuous reinforcement (CRF)
every instance of behavior is reinforced
40
intermittent schedules of reinforcement (INT)
when only some, but not all, instances of behavior are reinforced
41
fixed ratio (FR)
a fixed number of responses must occur in order to receive reinforcement
42
variable ratio (VR)
reinforcement is provided following an average number of responses
43
fixed interval (FI)
following a set amount of time and a correct response, a response is reinforced
44
variable interval (VI)
a response is reinforced after a variable (average) amount of time has passed
45
differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior (DRH)
reinforcement is provided for responses that occur at a higher rate than the predetermined criterion
46
differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL)
reinforcement is provided for responses that occur at a lower rate than the predetermined criterion
47
differential reinforcement of diminishing rates (DRD)
reinforcement is provided for responses that occur at a progressively/gradual reduced rate than the predetermined criterion
48
progressive schedule of reinforcement
direction relation between one's breaking point and the potency of a reinforcer
49
concurrent schedule (conc)
potential SD;2 or more schedules are in effect seperately and at the same time for 2 or more behaviors
50
compound schedule
combining continuous, FR, FI, VR, VI, DRH, DRD, DRL, and extinction
51
multiple schedule (mult)
SD; 2 or more basic schedules are alternated occurring successively and independently
52
chained schedule (chain)
SD; 1 or more response classes; schedules are successive and must occur in order
53
mixed schedule (mix)
No SD; 1 response class; schedules are successive and occur at random
54
tandem schedule (tand)
No SD; 1 or more response classes; schedules are successive and must occur in order
55
alternative schedule (alt)
SD is possible; schedules are simultaneous and include a ratio or interval; either schedule has to be met
56
conjunctive schedule (conj)
SD is possible; schedules are simultaneous and include a ratio or interval; both schedules have to be met
57
motivating operations
altering the value of a stimulus and frequency of a behavior
58
discriminative stimulus (SD)
signals that reinforcement is available
59
stimulus control
behavior occurs in the presence of a particular stimulus; does not occur without the presence of that stimuli
60
stimulus delta
signaling that reinforcement is unavailable
61
establishing operations
increasing the value of a stimulus and increases the frequency of a behavior
62
evocative effect
behavior altering effect; in the moment increase in the frequency of behavior
63
reinforcer establishing effect
value altering effect; in the moment increase in the effectiveness of the stimulus
64
abolishing operations
decreasing the value of a stimulus and decreases the frequency of a behavior
65
abative effect
behavior altering effect; in the moment decrease in the frequency of behavior
66
reinforcer abolishing effect
value altering effect; in the moment decrease in the effectiveness of the stimulus
67
reflexive conditioned motivating operation (CMO-R)
a signal that engages an individual in a behavior to avoid to escape from an non-preferred situation
68
transitive conditioned motivating operation (CMO-T)
signaling an individual to engage in a behavior that requires a supplemental mo in order to help fulfill their original mo
69
surrogate conditioned motivating operation (CMO-S)
signals an individual to engage in behavior that is paired with a stimulus that accompanies their original mo
70
unconditioned motivating operation (UMO)
an mo that is not learned but is needed for the individual's survival
71
rule-governed behavior
behavior that is controlled by written or verbal rules; requires a contingency prediction during the antecedent phase
72
contingency- shaped behavior
behavior that is reinforced or punished through previous consequences; aka operant behavior
73
discrimination
a limited number of stimuli result in a response
74
generalization
application of what is learned in one setting/behavior/environment/individual, in the individual's natural environment
75
maintenance
the long-lasting performance of acquired skills that are maintained through naturally occurring reinforcement and punishment
76
relevance of behavior rule
only behaviors that are most likely to result in reinforcement, in the individual's natural environment, are to be targeted for change
77
verbal operant
a unit of verbal behavior in operant conditioning
78
mand
vocal and non-vocal; request; an mo must be present; no FS, no PTP
79
tact
naming and object or action using five senses; no FS, no PTP
80
echoic
repeating what another person says; primary verbal operant; duplic - PTP & FS
81
intraverbal
a verbal (vocal or non-vocal) exchange between two people where speaker gives a response based on another verbal stimulus; no FS or PTP; 4 types of verbal discrimination
82
textual
reading what is written; codic; no FS, has PTP
83
transcription
writing what is heard; primary verbal operant; codic - has PTP, no FS
84
reflexivity
a type of stimulus equivalence that shows a relationship between two identical stimuli (A=A)
85
symmetry
a type of stimulus equivalence that shows an interchangeable relationship between two stimuli (A=B;B=A)
86
transitivity
a type of stimulus equivalence that shows an interchangeable relationship between three stimuli (A=B;B=C;C=A)
87
combinatorial entailment
combining two instance of mutual entailment together
88
Receptors Systems Impacted by Stimuli [P.I.E]
Proprioceptors - Interoceptors - Exteroceptors
89
Types of Stimulus Classes [For The Fun, For All]
Formal - Temporal - Functional - Feature - Arbritrary
90
Types of Positive Reinforcers [S.E.A.T.S]
Social - Edible - Activity - Tangible - Sensory
91
Types of Negative Reinforcement "E.A. sports - its in the game"
Escape - Avoidance
92
Types of Positive Punishment Interventions [S.O.R^3.E.]
Shock - Overcorrection - RIRD - Response Blocking Reprimands - Excercise
93
Types of Response Cost [B.F.E]
Bonus - Fines - Existing Cache
94
Types of Time Out [S.E.N]
Seclusion - Exclusionary - Non-Exclusionary
95
Types of Non-Exclusionary Time Out [I.W.O.R.P]
Ignoring - Withdrawal - Observation - Ribbon - Partition
96
Types of Extinction [P.A.N]
Positive - Automatic - Negative
97
Promoting Generalization [CLEMMING TRAP]
Common Stimuli - Loosely Train - Exemplars Mediation - Self-Mangement - Indiscriminable Contingencies Negative Teaching - General Case Analysis - Trap
98
Variations of Intermittent Schedules [LPD^2]
Lag - Progressive - Delay - Differential Reinforcement
99
Types of Compound Schedules [C.M.C.M.T.A.C]
Concurrent - Multiple - Chained - Mixed - Tandem Alternative - Conjunctive
100
AKA: Respondent Behavior
Reflex
US-UR
101
AKA: Respondent Conditioning
Pairing
Pavlovian Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing
102
AKA: Operant Behavior
ABC
3 term Contingency
S-R-S Model
103
AKA: Operant Contingency
ABC
3 term Contingency
Behavioral Contingency
104
AKA: Positive R+
SR+
Type 1 R+
105
AKA: Negative R+
SR-
Type 2 R+
106
AKA: Automatic R+
Sensory; Self Stimulatory Behaviors
107
AKA: Unconditioned Reinforcer/R+
Primary Reinforcer
Unlearner Reinforcer
108
AKA: Conditioned Reinforcer/R+
Secondary Reinforcer
Learned Reinforcer
109
AKA: Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer (GCSR)
Generalized Reinforcer
Nonspecific Reinforcer
110
AKA: Rule-Governed Behavior
Rules
111
AKA: Contingency-Shaped Behavior
Contingency Control
112
AKA: Punishment
SD-
SDP
SP
113
AKA: Positive Punishment
Type 1 Punishment
114
AKA: Negative Punishment
Type 2 Punishment
115
AKA: Unconditioned Punisher
Primary Punisher
Unlearned Punisher
116
AKA: Conditioned Punisher
Secondary Punisher
Learned Punisher
117
AKA: Extinction
Operant Extinction
118
AKA: Automatic R+ Extinction
Sensory Extinction
119
AKA: Masking
Stimulus Blocking
120
AKA: Discriminative Stimulus
SD
121
AKA: Stimulus Delta
SΔ
122
AKA: Stimulus Discrimination
Discrimination Training
123
AKA: Value Altering Effect of an EO
Reinforcer-Establishing Effect
124
AKA: Behavior Altering Effect of an EO
Evocative Effect
125
AKA: Value Altering Effect of an AO
Reinforcer-Abolishing Effect
126
AKA: Behavior Altering Effect of an AO
Abative Effect
127
AKA: Matching Law
Matching Theory
128
AKA: Adjunctive Behaviors
Schedule-Induced Behaviors
