Section G Flashcards
1
Q
generalized conditioned reinforcer (GCR)
A
learned reinforcer through being paired with multiple experiences of conditioned/unconditioned consequences
2
Q
response prompts
A
the use of a non-specific item to evoke behavior
3
Q
verbal instructions
A
goal-oriented/task-directed phrases
4
Q
modeling
A
demonstrating a desired behavior
5
Q
physical guidance/prompt
A
making contact with individual to provide physical support to evoke behavior; full and partial
6
Q
stimulus prompts
A
making the SD for a behavior more prominent
7
Q
movement
A
that act of changing location of physical location
8
Q
positions
A
placing the correct item closer to the individual
9
Q
redundancy
A
emphasis is put on the correct item
10
Q
errorless learning
A
a skill is taught and the individual is immediately prompted with the correct response
11
Q
most-to-least prompting
A
teaching a skill starting with the most intrusive prompt to ensure the learners contacts the correct response and reinforcement
12
Q
least-to-most prompting
A
starting with the least intrusive then moving to the next intrusive
13
Q
time delay
A
step 1: starting with an immediate prompt right after you administer the direction | step 2: present SD and a time delay then present prompt
14
Q
stimulus fading
A
gradually fading a stimulus by reducing its intensity
15
Q
graduated guidance
A
teaching a behavior with gradual minimal physical guidance; like MTL but just physical
16
Q
progressive time delay
A
gradually increasing the time delay
17
Q
imitation
A
topographically mimic another individual’s behavior
18
Q
imitation training
A
modeling a behavior for another by breaking the behavior in to procedural steps
19
Q
generalized imitation
A
continued imitation of nonreinforced responses
20
Q
modeling
A
demonstrating a behavior for another individual
21
Q
observational learning
A
learning through observation and without explicit teaching
22
Q
video modeling
A
a learner watches digital contents in order to acquire a behavior
23
Q
video self-modeling
A
when a learner watches digital content of themselves performing a behavior
24
Q
direct instruction (DI)
A
evidence based teaching that falls under ABA; scripting, choral responding, small groups, fast pace!
25
rules
a set of explicit principles that govern conduct
26
shaping
gradually teaching a behavior with differential reinforcing successive approximations
27
clicker training
pairing a click with reinforcement/punishment until it becomes conditioned
28
differential reinforcement
reinforcing one response class while withholding reinforcement for another to shape behavior
29
successive approximations
an attempt to increasingly perform a behavior than before
30
behavior chain
connecting simple behaviors to form more complex ones
31
behavior chain with a limited hold
completing a required task within a certain amount of time which then produces reinforcement
32
chaining
individual steps that require mastery in order to acquire new behaviors
33
task analysis
breaking down complex tasks into simple steps
34
forward chaining
teaching sequence that starts with the first step and has the individual complete the steps in order, receiving reinforcement for each step completed
35
total-task chaining
completing all tasks in a chaining sequence and upon completion the individual receives reinforcement
36
backward chaining
teaching sequence that starts with the very last step and has the individual complete the steps backwards, receiving reinforcement after successfully completing each step
37
backward chaining with leap aheads
teaching sequence that starts with the very last step and has the individual complete the steps backwards, skipping steps that require behaviors that are already in the individual's repertoire
38
unchaining
unpairing 2 step chain by giving SR to 2nd step even if 1st does not occur
39
behavior chain interruption strategy (BCIS)
used to confirm that the subject can emit the appropriate alternative behavior when one of the steps in the chaining is interrupted
40
interrupted chain procedure (ICP)
interrupt a behavior chain at a certain step so that another behavior can be performed
41
discrete trial training (DTT)
breaking a skill down into discrete components
42
free-operant teaching
reinforcement remains available and the learner can continue to respond without having to wait for a new stimulus
43
naturalistic environment teaching (NET)
incorporate the learner's natural environment into the teaching, development, and generalization of skills
44
conditional discrimination
when behavior comes under the operant control of one stimulus when it is in the presence or context of another stimulus; 4 term frequency
45
simple discrimination
a person can respond to only one verbal stimulus; 3 term frequency
46
antecedent intervention
alters the environment before a behavior occurs
47
high probability request sequence (High-P)
increases the likelihood of the learner doing what you want them to do (low-p behavior), by first getting them to do things that they want to do (high-p behaviors)
48
behavioral momentum
theory that once one begins engaging in behavior they'll continue to engage
49
premack principle
do something one prefers not to do, by rewarding it with something one finds highly motivating
50
functional communication training (FCT)
replace challenging behaviour with new ways of communicating that achieve the same thing
51
non-contingent reinforcement (NCR)
delivering ongoing brief reinforcement independent of behavior
52
DRA
reinforcing an alternative behavior that has the same function as the target behavior
53
DRO
reinforcement is contingent on the absence of the problem behavior during or at specific times
54
DRL
positive reinforcer is delivered at the end of a specific interval if a target behavior has occurred at the criterion rate
55
DRD
reinforcement is only delivered if the behavior occurs less than a pre set criteria during a pre set interval
56
extinction
no longer reinforcing a behavior that was once reinforced as a result decreases
57
extinction burst
unwanted effect of extinction - temporary increase in target behavior after extinction has been implemented
58
escape extinction
no longer reinforcing a behavior with the function of escape
59
extinction-induced variability
when a previously reinforced response is placed on extinction, other forms/responses in the same class begin to emerge
60
resistance to extinction
responding keeps occurring even after reinforcement has been removed
61
resurgence
unwanted effect of extinction - following implementing extinction, an alternative behavior is reinforced to replace the behavior put on extinction on a dense schedule, as that schedule thins more and more, the schedule may become too thin to maintain the new replacement behavior and the original problem behavior that we were trying to decrease comes back
62
spontaneous recovery
unwanted effect of extinction - happens after an extinction burst even though the behavior that was once reinforced is no longer reinforced
63
response blocking
physical prevention of a maladaptive behavior from occurring
64
response interruption and redirection (RIRD)
presentation of demands to interrupt interfering behavior and redirect the individual to participate in an appropriate response
65
overcorrection
a form of punishment that adds on behavior that is aversive
66
restitutional overcorrection
participating in a behavior to fix damage that was a result of the maladaptive behavior
67
positive practice overcorrection
practicing an appropriate behavior
68
time-out
being removed from the area and situation in order to prevent further participation in the target behavior
69
non exclusion time-out
remaining in the reinforcing situation, but not reinforcing activities
70
planned ignoring
inattention to the occurrence of the target behavior
71
terminate specific reinforcer contact
variation of nonexclusion time-out where each occurrence of the target behavior immediately stops an activity or sensory reinforcer
72
contingent observation
a student who engages in inappropriate behavior is required to stand or sit
73
partition/select space time-out
when you take the child out of their environment into a separate room
74
exclusion time-out
removing the child from the reinforcing situation but not from the room or area of activity
75
response cost
removing reinforcement for an undesirable behavior
76
bonus response cost
making more NCR available and removing them when the target behavior occurs
77
token
backup reinforcers earned that can be turned in for primary reinforcers
78
token economy
visualize progress, work for delayed reinforcement
79
backup reinforcer
an activity, item or privilege that an individual enjoys
80
level system
individual moves up and down through various levels contingent upon specific behaviors
81
contingency contract
written agreement between two people that specifies a behavior that one person agrees to engage in
82
self-contract
a contingency contract one makes with themselves
83
group contingency
a group is reinforced for completing a task or engaging in appropriate behavior
84
independent group contingency
contingency is presented to the group but only those who meet the criteria earn it
85
dependent group contingency
a contingency is offered to an entire group based on the criteria met by one or more members
86
hero procedure
aka for dependent group contingency
87
interdependent group contingency
provides rewards to the entire group if, and only if, each member of the group meets the criterion
88
good behavior game (GBG)
an approach to the management of group behaviors that rewards individuals for engaging in appropriate behaviors
89
delay discounting
the depreciating value of reinforcement in relation to the delay in time it takes for it to be received
90
habit reversal
a behavior intervention that works to treat repetitive behaviors
91
massed practice
a learning procedures in which trials occur closer together or all at once
92
self-control (Skinner's analysis)
when responding results a delay in large reinforcers instead of immediate small ones
93
self-evaluation
requires an individual to reflect on their performance and their set goal
94
self-instruction
use of instructional statements to guide one's own behavior
95
self-management
strategies that monitor and regulate behaviors
96
self-monitoring
recording one's own behavior
97
systematic desensitization
gradual exposure to small aversive situations
98
stimulus generalization
giving same response when coming into contact with various people, settings, situations
99
stimulus generalization gradient
the degree in which an individual can generalize across stimuli
100
response generalization
variation in responses when presented with a specific stimulus
101
naturally existing contingency
a consequence that is not learned
102
contrived contingency
a consequence that is learned
103
teach enough examples
aka multiple exemplar training; teaching style that targets stimulus generalization and response generalization
104
generalization probe
a new stimulus is presented within the same stimulus class, checking to see if generalization is occurring
105
multiple-exemplar training
aka teach enough examples; teaching style that targets stimulus generalization and response generalization
106
general case analysis
Is a systematic way of teaching examples that represent a full range of both stimulus and responses
107
program common stimuli
creating a mock environment to practice learned skills
108
teach loosely
variation in stimuli, setting, and environment to establish generalization
109
indiscriminable contingency
a contingency that doesn't allow the individual to know what is coming next
110
response maintenance
the response still occurs even after the intervention has been discontinued
111
Fading Response Prompts [MGLD]
Most-to-Least
Least-to-Most
Graduated Guidance
Time-Delay
112
Fading Stimulus Prompts [FS]
Fading
Shape Transformations
113
Defining Features of Imitation [F.MIC]
Formal Similarity - Model - Immediacy - Controlled Relation
114
Rules of Modeling [SPEIRF]
Similarities - Prestige - Emphasis - Instructions - Real Life - Feedback
115
Shaping Methods [A&W]
Across Response Topographies
Within Response Topographies
116
Behavior Chain Methods
Forward Chaining
Total Task
Backward Chaining
Backward Chaining with Leaps Ahead
117
Protocol for Successful Chaining [CLSSR]
Completeness - Length of Chain - SR Schedules - Stimulus Variation - Response Variation
118
Parts of Stimulus Equivalence
Reflexivity - Symmetry - Transitivity - Stimulus Equivalence
119
Types of DRL
Space-Responding - Full Session - Interval
120
Group Contingencies
Independent
Interdependent
Dependent
121
Elements of a Behavior Contract
Behavior - Reward - Data
122
Skinner's Verbal Operants [EMIT^3]
Echoic - Mand - Intraverbal - Transcription - Textual - Tact
123
Types of Tact Extensions
Solecistic - Metaphorical - Metonymical - Generic
