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MCAT Psych/Soc AAMC > Section Banks and Full Lengths > Flashcards

Section Banks and Full Lengths Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hill coefficient?

A

indicates degree of cooperative binding for molecules with more than one subunit

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2
Q

values of hill coefficient and meanings

A

less than one- negative cooperativity
equal to one- independent binding, no cooperativity
more than one- positive cooperativity (think hemoglobin)

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3
Q

HIV is what kind of virus?

A

retrovirus

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4
Q

PCR primers- what are they and where do you put them?

A

short pieces of single-stranded DNA. Two primers are used in each PCR reaction, they are designed to flank the target region. Other nucleotides will fill the gaps between the primers

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5
Q

PKA phosphorylates using

A

ATP

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6
Q

Relation between period and frequency

A

T=1/f

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7
Q

If the first harmonic has a frequency of 100 Hz, then the second harmonic will have a frequency of ______ Hz.

A

200

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8
Q

melting point and temperature increase

A

temperature of a metal will not increase above its melting point until ALL metal is melted. Applies for all phase changes

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9
Q

A charged particle _____ in an electric field

A

accelerates

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10
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

P=rho g depth

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11
Q

capacitance is ______ proportional to the distance between the plates

A

inversely

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12
Q

structure of adenosine

A

draw

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13
Q

structure of thymine

A

draw

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14
Q

structure of uracil

A

draw

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15
Q

structure of cytosine

A

draw

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16
Q

structure of ATP

A

draw

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17
Q

why does light slow down as it is going through a dense medium?

A

because its energy is absorbed and reemitted by the atomic structure of the medium

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18
Q

Force on a charge in an electric field

A

F=qE

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19
Q

glucose

A

draw

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20
Q

fructose

A

draw

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21
Q

galactose

A

draw

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22
Q

hydroquinone

A

draw

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23
Q

benzoquinone

A

draw

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24
Q

Energy of a photon

A

E=hf

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25
Q

solubility of amines

A

small amines are soluble, large are not

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26
Q

Quench

A

converted to its inactive form

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27
Q

-ate suffix is the

A

most common oxyanion

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28
Q

ite suffix is the

A

one oxygen fewer than ate

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29
Q

pyrophosphate

A

phosphorous oxyanions that contain POP linkeage, also called diphosphate

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30
Q

Kinetic control

A

preferred product is the one that is formed most quickly and has the lowest AE barrier. Even though products may be more stable, major product is formed most quickly. Often applies to irriversible reactions

31
Q

Thermodynamic control

A

preference for the most stable product no matter which one forms first, even if it has a higher activation energy. Often applies to reversible reactions

32
Q

Ribosomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

very similar in structure, but different enough that bacterial ones can be targeted by antibiotics

33
Q

Cell walls

A

ONLY BACTERIA

34
Q

germ layers for epidermis and dermis

A 
epidermis= ectoderm
dermis= mesoderm
35
Q

transferases

A

don’t only transfer functional groups, they can transfer any group. So, kinases are transferases.

36
Q

catalytic efficiency

A

Kcat/Km

37
Q

oligosaccharide

A

carbohydrate composed of a relatively small number of monosaccharides

38
Q

Anionic substances bind to _____ exchange columns. Cationic substances bind to ______ exchange columns.

A

anionic, cationic

39
Q

Histine has a pH of

A

6

40
Q

Kcat

A

number of substrate molecules turned over/ second

41
Q

Kcat formula

A

Kcat=vmax/E

42
Q

Michaelis menton formula

A

Vo…..

43
Q

buffer formula

A

pH=pKa + log (base/acid)

44
Q

polarity of functional groups (most to least)

A

amide, COOH, alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, amine, ester, ether, alkane

45
Q

half life definition

A

time it takes for .5 of a radioactive material to decay into daughter nuclei

46
Q

peptide chains run

A

N terminal to C terminal

47
Q

naming ATP phosphates

A

first is alpha, then beta, gamma

48
Q

cooperative process graphs

A

sigmoidal shapes. Protein folding/unfolding is cooperative

49
Q

Venturi effect

A

for a constriction in a pipe there will be higher velocity and lower internal pressure

50
Q

Oxidation occurs at the ______

Reduction occurs at the ______

A

anode

cathode

51
Q

dhow to tell if it’s an ionic or covalent bond

A

material, but also electronegativity difference. Needs to be a large Eneg difference in order to be considered ionic.

52
Q

coordinate covalent bonds

A

ones in which both electrons in the bond are derrived from the same atom

53
Q

lineweaver burk x intercept

A

-1/km

54
Q

lineweaver burk y intercept

A

1/vmax

55
Q

lineweaver burk slope

A

km/vmax

56
Q

dependency ratio

A

ratio of economically dependent members of society to economically productive workers (dependent is too young or too old to work. Working age 18-65)

57
Q

Source monitoring Error

A

memory error where the source of a memory is incorrectly attributed to some specific recollected experience

58
Q

dissociative disorders

A

conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity, or perception

59
Q

conversion disorders

A

causes patients to suffer from neurological symptoms (numbness, blindness, paralysis) witout any organic cause

60
Q

affect component of attitude

A

the emotional reaction one has toward an attitude

61
Q

which drugs have a high incidence of physical/psychological dependence?

A

stimulants, sedatives, and alcohol

62
Q

which drug class has the lowest risk of dependence?

A

hallucinogens

63
Q

Groupthink explained further

A

high pressures to reach consensus and stifle discontent. Produces minimal effective communication.

64
Q

Self-serving bias

A

tendency to percieve oneself in an overly favorable manner

65
Q

escape learing

A

operant conditioning involving learning how to STOP a painful or scary stimulus after it has began

66
Q

avoidance learning

A

avoid painful or scary stimulus completely

67
Q

How do you number pyrimidines and purines?

A

Always give the nitrogens the lowest numbers possible, starting with the double bonded nitrogen. AFfter that it would go to a carbonyl if there was one.

68
Q

3 ways of doing gel electrophoresis

A

Native- All bonds in tact

SDS- remove all bonds but disulfides (all protein to protein bonds, subunits are now separate)

Reducing- removes intra protein bonds

69
Q

More compact protein travels ______ in electrophoresis

A

farther

70
Q

which of ATUCG has the most hydrogen bond acceptors?

A

C

71
Q

Why does DNA denature when the pH is low?

A

H bond acceptors can become protonated and lose the ability to H bond

72
Q

specific activity

A

measure of the reactivity of a compound per unit mass

73
Q

glycerol sturcture

A

draw

74
Q

disulfide bonds are ionic or covalent?

A

covalent

MCAT Psych/Soc AAMC (7 decks)

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