Section III - Structural Collapse Incidents - Chapter 1 - Operational Considerations

Question 1

The IC will need to develop a _________ ____________ plan that includes the appropriate priorities, objectives, command structures, and resource requirements.

Answer 1

rescue operational

p 163

Question 2

Rescue operational plan:

* ________. The _______ of day will provide information on the occupancy load and location of people in the structure.

Answer 2

• Time / time

p 163

Question 3

Rescue operational plan:
* ______________. Knowledge of the ____________ will yield information on hazards, occupant use, types, and number of businesses.

Answer 3

• Occupancy / occupancy

p 163

Question 4

Rescue operational plan:

* _________ and _______ ( _____ sides ). Consider all _____ sides and the area involved.

Answer 4

• Height and area ( six sides ). / six

p 163

Question 5

Rescue operational plan:

* ___________. _________ control is a major safety factor to rescuer and victim alike.

Answer 5

• Utilities (gas, water, electric). / Utility

p 163

Question 6

Rescue operational plan:

* _______. Surface and underground ______ systems may be part of the collapse problem or impact it by vibration.

Answer 6

• Rail / rail

p 164

Question 7

Rescue operational plan:
* __________ equipment. Collapsed structure rescue operations may require the use of ___________ search equipment such as electronic listening devices, fiber optic camera; and portable cutting, breaking, and breaching equipment.

Answer 7

• Special / specialized

p 164

Question 8

Rescue operational plan:
* _______________ equipment. Large, mechanized _____________ equipment may be needed to remove debris so that rescue operations can be expedited.

Answer 8

• Construction / construction

p 164

Question 9

Rescue operational plan:
* __________ materials. A large amount of _________ materials may be required for access to the victim and structural stabilization. Pre-incident planning of supply sources is important.

Answer 9

• Shoring / shoring

p 164

Question 10

Rescue operational plan:
* __________ ______. The first 24 hours of rescue operations will yield the most survivors. The term “__________ ______” is used for US&R as the “__________ _______” is used for medical.

Answer 10

• Golden Day (24 hour survival window) / “Golden Day” / “Golden Hour”

p 165

Question 11

Normally, a _________ ________ with heavy capability may arrive at the scene of a collapse structure incident sometime after initial actions have been taken by volunteers or first responder resources. The _________ ________ Leader commands a specialized resource that should assume those priority tasks the team is trained and equipped to perform.

Answer 11

rescue team / Rescue Team Leader

p 165

Question 12

Rescue operational plan:

A _________ ____________ survey should be made so that the Team Leader can develop an accurate strategic and tactical operational plan before taking action.

Answer 12

damage assessment

p 165

Question 13

Initial size-up:
Anticipated activities to perform before beginning structural collapse operations:
* Identify buildings _____________, that is, by address, physical location, unique design, etc.
* General area ________ to identify separate buildings from many in a given area, which offer the highest potential for viable _________ opportunities.
* __________ assessment and __________ of any particular building before search and rescue operations.
* __________ and _________ marking of a particular building.

Answer 13

• individually
• triage / rescue
• Hazard / marking
• Search and rescue

p 165

Question 14

Initial size up:
At least two possibilities exist when emergency responders arrive:
1. ___________ may have already identified viable search or rescue opportunities for the IC.
2. There may be little or no _________________ information when the IC arrives.

Answer 14

1. Civilians
2. reconnaissance

p 166

Question 15

Structural collapse USAR management and coordination-
Size up/ Operational planning:
Once the initial assessment is underway or completed, the IC must begin to identify the overall mission _____________.

Answer 15

objectives

p 166

Question 16

At the inception of an incident, the IC must determine the immediate __________ requirements and/or _________ opportunities.

Answer 16

search / rescue

p 166

Question 17

Determining search requirements and/or rescue opportunities:

• Input from the ___________ already on scene can assist the IC.
• If no search or rescue requirements are immediately identified, search priorities should be determined based upon victim entrapment in high probability occupancies such as _________, __________, and _______-_____________ buildings.
• Information used for identifying search requirements should consider all of these possibilities. The IC should not accept information as ______ when approached by local civilians reporting entrapped victims, but rather have a complete assessment of the overall situation verified by a _______ _________ or ____________ __________ or by personal observation.

Answer 17

• civilians
• schools, hospitals, and multi-residential
• fact / team leader or company officer

p 166

Question 18

Incident Commanders must ask themselves: Are the ___________ committed achieving their _____________? If not, the corrective actions and revision to the __________ _________ _______ are needed.

Answer 18

resources / objectives / Incident Action Plan

p 167

Question 19

Incident management:
Teams must be ____________ to ensure that they function in a cohesive and effective manner. Monitoring must be done to ensure that ____________ performance is adequate.

Answer 19

monitored / individual

p 167

Question 20

Incident management:
The IC, operating at the Command Post, acts as a hub for ______________ from the members, operating in the incident area.

Answer 20

information

p 167

Question 21

Incident management:

A communication radio channel for _________, _________, and ___________ operations is important.

Answer 21

tactical, command, and logistics

p 167

Question 22

Incident management:
The assignment of incident personnel is based upon the ___________ ____________ plan and priorities for ________ and ________ tasks.

Answer 22

developed operational / search and rescue

p 167

Question 23

Incident management:

The Incident Action Plan is based upon known or anticipated _________ and _________ requirements.

Answer 23

search and rescue

p 167

Question 24

Incident management:
A structural collapse ________ ___________ report should be filled out for each work. Each report should include the following:
* Personnel assigned to that ___________
* __________ made or ___________ undertaken
* Potential __________ sites
* __________ considerations
* __________ of the site

Answer 24

USAR operations

• location
• Rescues / activities
• rescue
• Safety
• Drawing

p 167

Question 25

Incident management: | A ______ ______ should also be maintained listing the chronological order of events and activities during the mission.

Answer 25

unit log p 167

Question 26

Generally, there are ______ phases of rescue operations at collapse incidents.

Answer 26

five p 168

Question 27

Phases of rescue operations: Phase I: Assessment of the _________ ______. * _______ searched for possible victims (surface/buried). * Evaluation of the structure's ___________. * _________ must be evaluated and shut down for safety.

Answer 27

collapse area * Area * stability * Utilities p 168

Question 28

Phases of rescue operations: Phase II: Removal of all __________ victims as quickly and safely as possible.

Answer 28

surface p 168

Question 29

Phases of rescue operations: Phase III: All ______ and accessible ________ searched and explored for viable victims. * An _______ ______-_____ system can be used during this phase. * Only trained ________ or specially trained ___________ should be used in voids / accessible space searches.

Answer 29

voids / spaces * audible call-out * canine / personnel p 168

Question 30

Phases of rescue operations: Phase IV: Selected ________ removal (using special tools/techniques) may be necessary after locating a victim.

Answer 30

debris p 168

Question 31

Phases of rescue operations: Phase V: General debris removal is usually conducted after all known victims have been ___________.

Answer 31

removed p 168

Question 32

One of the critical responsibilities of the tactical level management unit supervisors is determining, evaluating, and prioritizing rescue extrication of operations involving ______, ___________ victims.

Answer 32

live, entrapped p 168

Question 33

Evaluating rescue operations: Anytime rescuers are working in voids or accessible openings, all work in progress _________, _________, or __________ the site should cease until rescuers and victims exit the void or opening.

Answer 33

above, below, or around p 169

Question 34

Evaluating rescue operations: When on-scene rescue resources are surpassed, personnel must prioritize rescue opportunities using the following factors: * Victim(s) __________ and __________. * Degree of ___________ and ________ of each rescue. * Possible ______ _________ of the rescue efforts, for example, a single rescue operation yielding the extrication of two or more victims, etc. * __________ considerations for rescue personnel.

Answer 34

* viability and longevity * difficulty and duration * end results * Safety p 169

Question 35

Personnel ______ and _____________ within the Medical Unit under the Logistics Section Chief is fundamental to the safe, effective, and sustained operation of incident personnel.

Answer 35

rest and rehabilitation p 169

Question 36

Evaluating rescue operations: Officers must maintain a continued awareness of the detrimental effects of _________ on the effectiveness and capabilities of all personnel.

Answer 36

fatigue p 169

Question 37

Team and/or squad "_____ _______" (regrouping) may be required during prolonged operations to redefine responsibilities and ensure that the squad's focus is maintained on the plan of action, management structure and safety considerations.

Answer 37

"pep talks" p 169

Question 38

Evaluating rescue operations: _____________ considerations must not be overlooked during mission operations.

Answer 38

Hygienic p 169

Question 39

Following survey and reconnaissance of the area, efforts must be directed toward _________ operations in specific collapsed buildings.

Answer 39

search p 169

Question 40

Search strategy: When concentrating efforts on a particular building, start by finding out the following information: * Building's ______ * Number of ____________ * Number of victims __________ and the probable __________ * Are any __________ operations currently underway * Presence of ___________ * Structural stability of ___________ buildings

Answer 40

* use * occupants * trapped / location * rescue * hazards (ex. Gas and utilities, fire/explosion, electrical hazards, burst mains, plumbing and sewer disruption) * adjoining p 170

Question 41

Victim location: | Victims found on _____ of the debris or lightly ________ should be removed first.

Answer 41

top / buried p 170

Question 42

Victim location: | All rescue efforts should be directed to victims who can be ______ or ________.

Answer 42

seen or heard p 170

Question 43

Victim location: Rescue efforts should also be directed to reach those victims whose __________ are known even if you cannot see or hear them.

Answer 43

locations p 170

Question 44

The initial site assessment will point toward areas of potential voids that may have given a person who was in the area during the time of the collapse a ?

Answer 44

chance to survive p 170

Question 45

Victim location: The following are typical areas that should be searched: * ____________ or ______ ways * Spaces under ____________ or in ___________ * ____________ and _________ locations * Locations near ____________ or ____________

Answer 45

* Hallways or exit * stairways / bathrooms * Basement and cellar * chimneys or fireplaces p 170

Question 46

Victim location: The following are typical areas that should be searched: * _______ under floors which are not entirely collapsed * Undamaged rooms or areas whose ________ is barred * Voids created by _________ or heavy ___________

Answer 46

* Voids * egress * furniture / machinery p 170

Question 47

The purpose of the _________ __________ Unit is to locate and identify victims and witnesses involved in structural collapse incidents in order to assist in search and rescue operations.

Answer 47

Victim Locator Unit p 171

Question 48

The Victim Locator Unit is normally assigned to the ___________ Section, and information gained needs to be shared with the _________ Group.

Answer 48

Planning Section / Search Group p 171

Question 49

``` Victim Locator Unit- This unit is normally commanded by a ___________ ________ as the Unit Leader and staffed by the following personnel: * Two _______ Unit / Fire _____________ * One ___________ Supervisor * Two _________ Officers ```

Answer 49

company officer * Arson / Investigators * Paramedic * Police p 171

Question 50

Victim Locator Unit members will interview victims, witness, and persons with _____________ of the structure to determine the location of all occupants or other persons who could be trapped or injured.

Answer 50

knowledge p 171

Question 51

Victim Locator Unit: | Information regarding victims shall be ____________, including _________ of the site if possible.

Answer 51

documented / diagrams p 171

Question 52

Victim Locator Unit: At significant incidents, _____________ _____________ _________ technology can be used to map the location of potential victims.

Answer 52

geographical information system (GIS) p 171

Question 53

Tactical Operations: In terms of the type of construction and occupancy of the building and the number of potential victims, those that present the highest likelihood of ____________ would receive attention first.

Answer 53

survivability p 171

Question 54

Tactical Operations: Occupancies such as __________, __________, _________ homes, ______-______ and ______-_______ residential buildings and _______ buildings would be searched first.

Answer 54

schools, hospitals, nursing homes, high-rise and multi-story residential and office buildings p 171

Question 55

``` Tactical Operations: Search strategies may include- * Physical ______ search * Use of electronic _________ or __________ devices * Search _______ ```

Answer 55

* void * visual or listening * dogs p 171

Question 56

Large Scale Search Priorities: Two general strategies- * The first would be to _________ the area in question, usually into geographic divisions by city block or other easily defined criteria. * The second method is to determine the search priorities in terms of the type of _____________ affected.

Answer 56

* divide * occupancies p 172

Question 57

A full Search and Recon Team should be staffed with how many people?

Answer 57

ten people p 172

Question 58

Search and Recon Team: The location of viable victims is denoted by marking the exact location with ?

Answer 58

International orange spray paint or orange surveyors tape p 173

Question 59

Search and Recon Team: Hazard zones should be conspicuously cordoned off with ?

Answer 59

surveyors tape or fire line tape p 173

Question 60

__________ personnel may be required to assist canine and technical search personnel with search and recon activities.

Answer 60

Rescue p 174

Question 61

In all cases, personnel conducting search operations should _________ the general features of the structure/area being searched, noting any significant information on the ________ for future reference.

Answer 61

sketch / sketch p 174

Question 62

As rescue opportunities are identified, it is important that rescue personnel adhere to a consistent, formalized ______-_____________ procedure to ensure the safe, effective operation of the rescue squads.

Answer 62

site-management p 174

Question 63

_______-_____ actions and ______-_________ activities should occur simultaneously.

Answer 63

Size-up / site-control p 174

Question 64

Complete size-up and site-control activities before ?

Answer 64

rescue operations begin p 175

Question 65

What is the single most important consideration during the rescue operation?

Answer 65

safety of the incident personnel p 176

Question 66

_________ and __________ identification issues must be addressed in the briefings conducted prior to any operations.

Answer 66

Safety and hazard p 177

Question 67

Emergency signaling: * Three short blasts ( 1 second each ) signals ? * One long blast ( 3 seconds ) signals ? * One long and one short blast signals ?

Answer 67

* Evacuate the Area * Cease Operations/All Quiet * Resume Operations p 177

Question 68

In many instances, the _______ search can usually provide the most rapid assessment of a work site area.

Answer 68

canine p 177

Question 69

The ___________ ________, ___________, and ____________ System is designed to help identify, select, and prioritize the buildings with the highest probability of success with respect to finding and rescuing live victims.

Answer 69

Structure Traige, Assessment, and Marking System p 178

Question 70

Structure Triage: * If a large area or many buildings are involved, triage can be performed by ? * There may be some buildings that have significant hazards that will not allow rescue operations to proceed until the ? * Triage assessments are based upon value judgements that are made with ?

Answer 70

* performed by two or more structure triage teams * hazards are mitigated. "NO GO" assessments * rapidly obtained information p 178

Question 71

A structure triage team should be comprised of: * One _____________ Specialist * One __________ ____________ Specialist

Answer 71

* Structural * Hazardous Materials p 178

Question 72

Structure Triage: * Triage criteria should be reevaluated after the initial search, in light of ? * ____________ ____________ may or may not occur during the initial structure triage phase.

Answer 72

* live victim locations * Structure marking p 179

Question 73

Rescue site communications: All personnel should be provided with a ?

Answer 73

portable radio p 179

Question 74

Rescue site communications: The incident should be assigned one operational __________ channel for Command Officer communications and separate __________ channels for each rescue work site established.

Answer 74

command / tactical p 179

Question 75

Outside Resources Request/Liaison The IC may request this assistance through appropriate channels to the jurisdiction's _________ _______ or the incident _________ Officer if resources are on scene.

Answer 75

dispatch center / Liaison p 179

Question 76

It is essential that every possible search method be employed to enable incident supervisors to locate viable victims before committing ?

Answer 76

rescue resources to any prolonged, although well-intentioned operation p 179

Question 77

Tactical considerations: An important consideration in the mid to latter stages of a mission is the need to reassess previously ?

Answer 77

searched structures or areas p 180

Question 78

Tactical considerations: The officer assigned the responsibility of search/rescue operations should remind all members involved in the search or rescue operations that they shall not eat anything until they have ? It shall be assumed that the work area is _______________.

Answer 78

washed their hands and face contaminated p 180