Section IV - Chapter 4 Wildland Fire Fighting Safety Flashcards
(55 cards)
The ____ Standard Orders and ____ Situations That Shout Watch Out were developed in response to serious injuries or fatalities to firefighters occurring in the line of duty.
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Ten standard fire fighting orders:
Fire Behavior
1. Keep informed on fire __________ conditions and forecasts.
2. _______ what your fire is doing at all times.
3. Base all actions on current and expected ___________ of the fire.
- weather
- Know
- behavior
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Ten standard fire fighting orders:
Fire Line Safety
4. Identify ________ _______ and _______ _______ and make them known.
5. Post ____________ when there is possible danger.
6. Be _______. Keep _______. Think ________. Act ___________.
- escape routes and safety zones
- lookouts
- alert / calm / clearly / decisively
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Ten standard fire fighting orders:
Organizational Control
7. Maintain prompt ________________ with your forces, your supervisor, and adjoining forces.
8. Give clear _____________ and ensure they are ____________.
9. Maintain control of your _________ at all times.
- communication
- instructions / understood
- forces
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Ten standard fire fighting orders:
If you considered 1 through 9, then
10. Fight fire _____________, having provided for ________ first.
- aggressively / safety
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Ten standard fire fighting orders
____________ is the major factor in fire behavior.
Weather
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Ten standard fire fighting orders
Firefighters must _____________ observe from vantage points and scout ahead in order to obtain firsthand information on what the fire is currently doing.
personally
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Ten standard fire fighting orders
As the volume of fire increase, fire ____________ must also increase.
awareness
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Ten standard fire fighting orders
The areas already ________ by the fire may provide good safety zones if they are close enough.
burned
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Ten standard fire fighting orders
Natural barriers such as rock _______, __________, ________, and _______ and slide areas also make good safety zones.
ledges, riverbeds, streams, lakes
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Ten standard fire fighting orders
_____________ are able to keep an eye on the bigger picture and warn personnel of changes in conditions.
Lookouts
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Ten standard fire fighting orders
______-___-______ communications with _______ aids or ______ signals can be an effective way to maintain safety.
Line-of-sight / visual / hand
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Ten standard fire fighting orders
Good communication is the key to maintaining _________. Self-discipline is required of each crew member in order to maintain control through the _______ ____ __________.
control / chain of command
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Ten standard fire fighting orders
Aggressive action is the key to effective ____________.
suppression
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LCES is an acronym that stands for the following:
- L_____-_____
- C_______________
- E_______ _________
- S_______ ________
- Look-outs
- Communications
- Escape Routes
- Safety zones
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______ is a refocus on the essential elements of the 10 Standard Firefighting Orders.
LCES
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____________ must be in position where both objective hazards and the firefighters can be seen.
Lookouts
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There must be more than one ________ _______ available to firefighters at any given time.
escape routes
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________ _______ are locations where threatened firefighters may find refuge from danger.
Safety zones
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Refuge in wildland fires:
- Try to escape the area by means of your _______________ escape routes.
- Take refuge in a ___________; ensure you have a safe zone for your _________, run the pump and have a ___________ ___________ available with you in the structure.
- predetermined
- structure / engine / charged hoseline
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Refuge in wildland fires:
- Take refuge in a __________. If that __________ is a fire engine, run the pump and have a charged hoseline available.
- As a last resort, take refuge in the best possible ________ and deploy your fire _________. This should only be done when your predetermined escape routes have been lost and you have no other options.
- vehicle / vehicle
- area / shelter
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Use of a structure for refuge:
- Bring in whenever possible a ________ ___________, ___________, back pump or any other ______ that may help extinguish any fire that may break through.
- charged hoseline / extinguisher / tool
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Use of a structure for refuge:
When the fire hits, put out small _________ fires with a hoseline, extinguisher, or back pump and wait for fire to pass before trying to put out any fire on the _________ of the structure.
interior / exterior
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Use of a structure for refuge:
After the fire passes, perform a ______ and check crew members for __________. Move outside and check on the ___________. Attempt to extinguish any fires on or around the _____________ is possible. Next, attempt to extinguish the ___________ fire (if any) based on the structure triage protocols.
PAR / injuries / apparatus / apparatus / structure
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