Section II - Chapter 1-Basic Organizational Approach for HM/WMD Incidents Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
_______ factors play an important role in control operations at all emergency incidents.
A
Time
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2
Q
Factors that increase time on HM/WMD incidents:
- Getting __________ personnel on scene
- ______________ the hazards of chemicals involved
- Determining the type of ___________ __________ that should be worn
- Donning clothing and accomplishing _____-_______ medical monitoring
- Constructing a ______________ Reduction / _______ zone
- Suiting up a ________ and _________ Team
A
- trained
- Researching
- protective clothing
- pre-entry
- Contamination / Warm
- Decon and Backup
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3
Q
It often takes several _________ to control a HM/WMD incident, and may take ______ or _______ to completely clean up a contaminated site.
A
entries / days or weeks
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4
Q
Time factors:
The establishment of a _________ Officer early in the incident is critical. The _________ Officer will work with shippers, manufacturers, plant personnel, carriers, and other agencies that will arrive soon after the incident begins.
A
Liaison / Liaison
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5
Q
Historically, hazardous materials response has been _________ based. __________ based means that actions of responders were tightly driven by SOPs or SOGs.
A
Procedure / procedure
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6
Q
______-based response is a systematic process by which responders analyze a problem involving HM/WMD, assess the hazards, evaluate the risk, and determine appropriate response actions based on fact, science and the circumstances of the incident.
A
Risk-based
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7
Q
______ _____________ has been described as the study of threats, vulnerabilities, likelihood, and consequences.
A
Risk assessment
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8
Q
Four components of risk for HM/WMD:
- T________/ H_________
- V_____________
- Likelihood of ______________
- C_______________
A
Threats / Hazards
Vulnerability
Likelihood of occurrence
Consequences
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9
Q
Threats/Hazards
This component of risk can be broken into C________, B_________, R____________, N__________, E___________ (CBRNE) as types of hazards.
A
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive
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10
Q
Threats/Hazards
The ________ of an incident can affect the threat to responders. ________ can be broken down into accidental, malfeasance, illicit, or intentional.
A
cause / cause
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11
Q
Vulnerability
The types of harm can be defined as __________.
A
TRACEME
Thermal Radiological Asphyxiate Chemical Etiological Mechanical Electrical p67
12
Q
Vulnerability
Protective measures can be broken down into ______, _________, ___________ and ___________. (TDS&D)
A
Time, Distance, Shielding and Detection
(TDS&D)
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13
Q
Vulnerability
- Time - Limit the time of _________ to the hazard
- Distance - As a general rule, the _________ the distance the ______ the hazard
- Shielding - Includes personal protective equipment including _______ and the use of natural and man-made objects as _________ to the hazard.
- Detection - Use detectors that read before ______ of particular types of hazards are a means of protection.
A
- exposure
- greater / less
- SCBA / barriers
- IDLH
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14
Q
This component of risk can be very subjective. The facts, science and circumstances of the incident must be considered. The experience of the decision maker is critical for this component ?
A
Likelihood Occurence
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15
Q
This component of risk is also subjective and should include the consideration of loss of life and property ?
A
Consequences
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16
Q
____________ is an abbreviation for the seven ways that hazardous materials can harm the human body.
A
TRACEME * Thermal Harm * Radiological Harm * Asphyxiative Harm * Chemical Harm * Etiological Harm * Mechanical Harm * Electrical Harm p 68
17
Q
_________ harm consists of exposure to extreme heat or cold.
A
Thermal
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18
Q
___________ is a process in which unstable atoms emit excess energy from their nucleus.
A
Radiation
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19
Q
There are four different types of radiation:
- _________
- _______
- _________
- _________
A
- Alpha
- Beta
- Gamma
- Neutron
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20
Q
Radiation
- The heaviest type of radiation, a particle made up of two protons and two neutrons. Cannot penetrate skin but it is extremely dangerous if eaten or inhaled.
A
Alpha
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21
Q
Radiation
- Small particle radiation made up of a single electron. Hard to penetrate skin, but is also harmful if ingested or inhaled.
A
Beta
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22
Q
- The most dangerous type of radiation, electromagnetic waves that are extremely energized. Can easily penetrate skin.
A
Gamma
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23
Q
Radiation
- Consists of free neutrons moving through space. Can make atoms radioactive.
A
Neutron
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24
Q
____________ agents interfere with oxygen flow, causing suffocation.
A
Asphyxiative
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25
There are two types of chemical agents:
1. ________
2. ________
1. Toxic
2. Corrosive
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26
Chemical Harm:
1. Toxic
* Includes _______ _______, such as sarin, which damage and impede the central nervous system
* _________ agents such as mustard gas, cause blistering of the skin
* _________ agents, such as pepper spray, are designed to cause temporary harm that subsides once the material is no longer present.
* nerve agents
* blistering agents
* irritating agents
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Chemical Harm:
2. Corrosive
* Strong ______ or ______ that cause the disintegration of various materials. When in contact with skin they can cause severe burnlike injuries.
acids or bases
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Etiological Harm
* Harm caused by a _____________
* Consists of all ___________ agents, including anthrax, Ebola and botulism toxin
* May be ________, ________, or ________ created from organisms
* Generally have an incubation period of ______ to ______ before symptoms appear.
* microorganism
* biological
* bacteria, viruses, or toxins
* hours to days
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Mechanical Harm:
* Physical harm such as cuts or abrasions caused by _______ objects such as shrapnel
* Major danger from ____________, which may cause fragmentation of casings or nearby objects
* Hazardous materials generally have more immediate dangers than mechanical harm, but it is important to be aware of the possibility of ___________, _________ objects and similar risks at an incident.
* solid
* explosions
* explosions, falling
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Electrical Harm:
| * Electrical injuries normally have an _________ and _____ point and can cause severe damage to _________ _______.
entrance and exit / internal organs
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31
Psychological Harm:
* A major danger for hazmat responders is the stress of dealing with a very dangerous, ____________ situation.
* Even experienced responders may feel the pressure of having to deal with an ___________, __________ threat.
* The psychological effects are the greatest when an incident results in __________ or _______ to responders or civilians.
* unfamiliar
* invisible, unknown
* injuries or death
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Fire departments should have a __________ _________ ___________ for the initial response to a hazardous materials incident. The resources assigned to the first alarm should be sufficient to:
* Safely approach and _____ ___ the situation
* Begin to isolate the area and establish a ________ perimeter
* Attempt to _________ materials, quantities, and conditions
* Assume ___________ and report on conditions
* Request additional ___________ and make mandatory notifications if required
* Begin ___________ actions consistent with local SOGs and state and federal law
* Assign an _________ ________ Officer
* size up
* safety
* identify
* Command
* resources
* defensive
* Incident Safety
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Although the actions of the first arriving companies are limited, they are possibly the most important element in determining whether the incident will have a ?
positive or negative outcome
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34
HM/WMD incident:
The number of personnel or companies needed for a specific incident will depend on many factors, including:
* Staffing and __________ levels
* Individual agency's _______
* _______, ________, and _________ laws and their interpretations
* training
* SOGs
* Local, state and federal
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Resource requirements at a HM/WMD incident:
As a general rule, the minimum number of personnel required to conclude a serious HM/WMD incident involves enough people to staff all _______ Hazardous Material Group ICS and a _________ _______ Leader.
seven / Medical Unit
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In addition to the eight ICS positions, at least four people should be assigned to the _______ _______ Unit Leader, allowing for a two person _________ _______ team and a two person _________ team.
Entry Team / primary entry / backup
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The number of people assigned to the Decontamination Unit Leader will vary greatly depending on the specifics of the incident; however ________ people are the suggested minimum.
three
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38
Staffing all the positions in the Hazardous Materials Group as previously described would require a minimum of _________ people who are properly trained and equipped to handle the particular incident.
fifteen
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39
First arriving units:
The decision making process follows the hierarchy of our incident priorities of ______ ________, incident ___________ and protection of __________.
life safety / stabilization / property
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40
NIMS uses the acronym ________ to describe hierarchy of decision making.
```
P-O-S-T
Priorities
Objectives
Strategies
Tactics
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```
41
POST:
P- __________. Regardless of the size or complexity of an event or incident, the fundamental __________ remain constant: life safety, stability and property conservation
O- __________. Broad descriptions or statements of the desired outcomes of actions to achieve consistency with priorities
S- __________. Action processes by which objective are met.
T- ________. Specific activities that are implemented to achieve the identified strategies.
Priorities / priorities
Objectives
Strategies
Tactics
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Six broad HM/WMD objectives:
| 2. ____________ - The process of contacting appropriate authorities or resources.
Notification
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Six broad HM/WMD objectives:
| 3. _____________ - An assessment of the hazards of the scene by performing a complete site characterization.
Identification
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3. Identification
In a chemical emergency you may only need to identify the basics to assess the hazard ( _______, ________, or _____ )
solid, liquid, or gas
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45
3. Identification:
An intentional event requires an increased awareness that responders are ________. Situational awareness is essential when operating at a _________ event.
targets / CBRNE
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46
Six broad HM/WMD objectives:
| 4. __________ - Implement strategies that limit the potential for harm to responders and the public.
Protection
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47
Protective measures can be extremely _________ _________ and often require personnel with specialized training.
resource intensive
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48
Six broad HM/WMD objectives:
5. __________:
a. _______ Control - Act of confining a product to a given area once it has left its container.
Control / Spill
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49
5. Control
a. Spill Control
It is the process by which the spread of product through the ____________ is controlled, limited or completely stopped. Confinement and the prevention of further ______________ is the main priority of this objective.
environment / contamination
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5. Control
b. _______ Control - Process by which a breach of failure of the container is either directly or indirectly controlled.
Leak
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Leak control is usually considered an __________ operation and normally requires Hazardous Materials- ____________ level of training and appropriate protective equipment.
offensive / Technician
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5. Control
c. _______ Control - The IC must identify methods to minimize the potential impact of a fire, whether it is currently working or a realistic threat.
Fire
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5. Control
| d. _________ ________ Control - Implement measures to preserve evidence and process the _______ scene.
Crime Scene / crime
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5. Control
e. _____________ _________ Control - Implement strategies to render safe all devices while staying focused on our incident priorities.
Hazardous Device
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e. Hazardous Device Control
This control objective may be necessary in an ____________ event.
intentional
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5. Control
| f. ______________ Control - Implement strategies to neutralize the threat from any on-scene _____________.
Perpetrator / perpetrator
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57
Six broad HM/WMD objectives:
6. _____________ - Conclude your agencies responsibility by transfer of information to the incident commander through your representative within Unified Command.
Termination
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58
If your incident objectives are completed, you can focus your efforts on ___________ of your response personnel and placing resources back in __________.
debriefing / service
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59
______________ objectives incorporates such actions as releasing mutual aid resources, returning units to pre-incident status, replenishment of supplies and equipment and turning over the incident scene to the appropriate regulatory agency or contractor to ensure that ______________ cleanup is accomplished.
Termination / environmental
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60
_____________ also includes documenting the incident relative to personnel, units, incident operations, critique, and evolution forms.
Termination
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61
Objectives that cannot be completed safely with the resources and level of training on scene should be ?
delayed until properly trained and equipped personnel arrive
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62
When objectives are applied they should be done in a logical ________ of ___________ and ensure responder's _________.
order of progression / safety
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63
Contractor Response:
The responsibility of product removal or transfer will be that of the _________ or the _________.
carrier or shipper
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64
Contractor response:
Contractors are required to meet all the _______/__________ requirements in order to work on site.
OSHA/HAZWOPER
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65
Contractor response:
Once the contractor arrives on site, the project manager or supervisor should be incorporated into the __________ ___________ so that all actions of the contractor are coordinated through the IC.
Unified Command
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66
The fire department having ____________ should notify the shipper or carrier as soon as possible. This can be done through ____________ or by way of the emergency contact phone number on the ___________ _________.
jurisdiction / CHEMTREC / shipping papers
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67
Responders should obtain an _______ or other technical information on the chemical as part of the identification process.
MSDS
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68
IC duties:
Arrive at the scene -
3. Position your vehicle _______ ______ and not too close to the event, and if possible use your vehicle to help _________ the incident.
away from / isolate
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69
IC duties:
Arrive at scene -
6. Establish formal Command, ________, ________ and ________.
verbally, visually and firmly
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70
IC duties:
Assess the scene-
3. Conduct a _________ and ______ assessment.
hazard and risk
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71
IC duties:
Develop an action plan-
1. After completing the hazard and risk assessment, hold a planning meeting to develop incident _________ and _________ based on the site ________ plan.
objectives and strategies / safety
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72
IC duties:
Develop an action plan-
2. Develop an ______
3. Develop alternative plans for __________ events
IAP / unseen
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73
IC duties:
| 5 A's ?
* Arrive - Arrive at the scene
* Assess - Assess the scene
* Action Plan - Develop an action plan
* Assign - Assign personnel to
* Adjust - Adjust operations as necessary
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74
The IC must resist the urge to become involved in ________ level management or ______. Rather, the IC must rely on subordinate officers to implement the ________.
tactical / tasks / tactics
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75
While the IC may identify strategies and tactics for their objectives, they are usually better managed at the ____________ _________ level using properly trained and protected personnel to accomplish the tasks.
Operations Section
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76
The following four functional positions of the Hazardous Materials Group require a high degree of control and close supervision:
* ______ _______ Leader - Supervises all companies and personnel operating in the Exclusion/Hot Zone.
* ______________ ______ Leader - Supervises all operations in the Contamination Reduction/Warm Zone.
* ___________ Specialist/ ___________ __________ Reference - Responsible for identifying the product, determining chemical and physical properties of the material, and selecting appropriate personal equipment and clothing compatible with the hazard present.
* ______ _______ ________ Unit Leader - Controls all movement of personnel and equipment between the control zones.
* Entry Unit
* Decontamination Unit
* Technical / Hazardous Materials
* Site Access Control
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77
The Hazardous Materials Group is assigned to the ___________ _________.
Operations Section
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78
The HM Group Supervisor is responsible for the following:
* Directing the _________ ___________ of the HM Group
* Implementing the phases of the _______ dealing with the HM Group
* Assigning the ___________ within the HM Group
* Reporting on the progress of ________ operations and the status of ___________ within the HM Group
* overall operation
* IAP
* resources
* control / resources
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79
Qualifications
The HM Group Supervisor must have a through knowledge of the following:
* ________-________ requirements
* ____________ procedures
* _______ analysis
* ________ considerations relating to hazardous materials incident management
At a minimum this person should be a ?
* Agency-specific
* Operational
* Risk
* Safety
Hazardous Materials Technician
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80
Major responsibilities of HM group supervisor:
A. _______ ____ and obtain briefing from the IC, Ops Section Chief or Branch Director
B. Ensure the development of ________ Zones and ________ _________ Points and the placement of appropriate control lines.
C. Evaluate and recommend ________ ___________ action options to the IC, Ops Sect Chief or Branch Director
A. Check-in
B. Control / Access Control
C. public protection
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Major responsibilities of HM Group Supervisor
D. Ensure that current _________ data and future __________ predictions are obtained.
E. Establish ______________ monitoring of the hazard site for contaminants and identify _______ conditions.
F. Ensure that a written ______ ________ plan is developed and implemented.
G. Ensure that a written ______ _______________ plan is developed and implemented.
D. weather / weather
E. environmental / IDLH
F. site safety
G. site characterization
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Major responsibilities of HM group supervisor:
H. Ensure that the site safety plan and the IAP concur with the _____________ __________ plan.
I. Conduct a __________ briefing with the HM Group.
J. Participate when requested, in the development of the ______.
K. Ensure that recommended ______ ____________ procedures are followed in accordance with the employers emergency response plan.
H. emergency response
I. safety
J. IAP
K. safe operational
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Major responsibilities of HM group supervisor:
L. Ensure that proper __________ ____________ ___________ and __________ are selected and used.
M. Ensure that appropriate _________ are notified through the IC.
N. Maintain ______/_________ Log
L. personal protective clothing and equipment
M. agencies
N. Unit/Activity Log
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HM Entry Unit Leader:
The Entry Leader is responsible for all activities taking place in the ___________ of _____ Zone, including _________ team entries, _________ entries, and ______-____________ entries.
Exclusion or Hot / multiple / repeated / multi-jurisdictional
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85
At a minimum the HM Entry Unit Leader should be trained as a ?
Hazardous Materials Technician
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The Decon Unit Leader is responsible for all activities taking place in the area designated as the ______________ Reduction / ______ Zone and coordinates with the ______ _________ Area Manager.
Contamination / Warm / Safe Refuge
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The Decon Unit Leader is responsible for the decontamination of persons and equipment that leave the _________ or ______ Zone and the maintenance of _________ for the decontamination element.
Exclusion or Hot Zone / records
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At a minimum the Decon Unit Leader should be a ?
Hazardous Materials Technician
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The Site Access Control Unit Leader is responsible for the control of the movement of all people and equipment through appropriate ________ _______ at the hazard site.
access routes
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This position ensures that the spread of contaminates is controlled and that records are maintained ?
HM Site Access Control Unit Leader
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The Site Access Control Unit Leader must have the minimum equivalent __________ and ___________ as mandated by federal, state, and local laws.
training and expertise
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The Assistant Safety Officer - Hazardous Materials reports directly to the _________ _________ Officer.
Incident safety officer
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This position is responsible for the overall safety of assigned personnel within the Hazardous Materials Group ?
Assistant Safety Officer - HM
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In an incident involving multiple emergency activities, the Assistant Safety Officer - HM does not act as the ________ _________ for the overall incident.
Safety Officer
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It is necessary that an Assistant Safety Officer - HM be appointed at ?
all hazardous materials incidents
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This position advises the HM Branch Group Supervisor or HM Brach Director on all aspects of health and safety and has the authority to stop or prevent unsafe acts ?
Assistant Safety Officer - HM
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It is imperative that the Assistant Safety Officer - HM be knowledgeable in the operations being implemented as mandated by ____________ and possess a high degree of knowledge in hazardous materials incident operations. It is recommended that this person should be a ?
OSHA 1910.120 / Hazardous Materials Technician
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The Technical Specialist-HM Reference reports to the ?
HM Group Supervisor
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This position is responsible for providing technical information and assistance to the HM Group and Planning Section using various sources such as computer databases, technical journals, public and private technical information agencies, facility representatives, and product specialist ?
Technical Specialist - Hazardous Materials Reference
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The ______ ________ _______ Manager reports to the Site Access Control Leader and coordinates with the Decontamination Unit Leader and the Entry Unit Leader.
HM Safe Refuge Area Manger
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This position is responsible for evaluating and prioritizing victims for treatment, collecting information from the victims, and preventing the spread of contamination by these victims ?
HM Safe Refuge Area Manager
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The Safe Refuge Area is located in the ?
Contamination Reduction / Warm Zone immediately adjacent to the Exclusion Control Line / Hot Zone
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103
The Safe Refuge Area Manager operates near the ?
Contamination Reduction Zone
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104
The Safe Refuge Area Manager is part of the ?
Site Access Control function
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105
It is recommended that this person should be a Hazmat Tech. It is also recommended that the person in this position also have a medical background and/or be familiar with triage ?
HM Safe Refuge Area Manager
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There are two outside agencies that will assist fire/medical on almost every incident: ?
law enforcement and environmental protection/public health agencies
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107
The primary focus of the EPA during a HM/WMD event is limiting the damage done to the _____________ and enforcement of __________ ____________ regulations.
environment / federal environment
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There are two outside agencies that will assist fire/medical on almost every incident: ?
law enforcement and environmental protection/public health agencies
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The primary focus of the EPA during a HM/WMD event is limiting the damage done to the _____________ and enforcement of __________ ____________ regulations.
environment / federal environment
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Some functional responsibilities the EPA may handle are:
- Oversight of ___________
- Access to ________ _________ to assist with costs
- Access to __________ to help with large incidents
- cleanup
- federal funding
- resources
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111
These teams were established to rapidly assist a local IC in determining the nature and extent of a WMD event. One or more teams cover all geographic areas within the United States ?
WMD Civil Support Teams (CST)
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