Sedation Opioids

Question 1

Opioid receptors:

Answer 1

Mule
Kappa
gabba
Opioid growth factor receptors

Question 2

MOA:

Answer 2

Binding of receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) -> hyperpolarization -> Ach, substance P

Question 3

Effect:

Answer 3

Vagus-nerve mediated bradycardia

Respiratory depression

Increase in PaCO2

Morphine triggers histamine which can cause bronchospasm

Decrease cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, cerebral O2 consumption, intracranial pressure

Decrease in GI motility by binding to opioid receptors in the gut - causing peristalsis

Hypotension due to the bradycardia

Question 4

Usages and dosages:

Answer 4

Fentanyl - 100 microcragms
Pethidine - 100mg
Tramadol - 100mg
Morphine - 10mg, 15mg

Postoperative analgesia
Intraoperative analgesia
Cough
Diarrhea

Question 5

Contraindications:

Answer 5

Morphine - asthma
Alcohol
Sedatives