SeDoH's

Question 1

SeDoH’s

Answer 1

socio-ecological determinants of health
socio-ecological = an individuals interaction with their social circumstances and external environment
determinants of health = factors that influence the health status of individuals, communities, and society as a whole

Question 2

why emphasize the social determinants of health?

Answer 2

they have a direct impact on health
they predict the greatest proportion of health status variance
they structure health behaviours
they interact with each other to produce health

Question 3

vulnerable groups vs. marginalized groups

Answer 3

vulnerable = individual level, more likely than other populations to have adverse health outcomes
marginalized = community level, experience fewer privileges, rights, access, and power as a result of their position within the political system and social structure

Question 4

health indicators when it comes to income

Answer 4

standard of living
family income
retirement income
low income incidence
low income persistence
net worth (wealth)

Question 5

measures of income

Answer 5

LICO 
socioeconomic status
housing 
core housing needs
income distribution
income disparities
poverty

Question 6

LICO

Answer 6

low income cutoffs
an income threshold where a family is likely to spend 20% more of its income on food, shelter, and clothing than the average family

Question 7

what is included in socioeconomic status (SES)

Answer 7

income
education
occupation

Question 8

core housing need

Answer 8

affordable
adequate
suitable

Question 9

problems with housing in northern canada

Answer 9

higher cost of living
crowded dwellings
in need of repair

Question 10

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 10

base to top
physiological (housing fits here)
safety
love/belonging
esteem (coping fits here)
self-actualization

Question 11

material poverty vs. social poverty

Answer 11

material = lack of money
social = lack of belonging
both pathways of poverty

Question 12

poverty stigma

Answer 12

usually stigmatized by society
can be harmful
consequences can include = one feeling like a burden, isolation, substance use etc

Question 13

conditions created by pathways of poverty

Answer 13

social hierarchy
control/power
society's perceptions
poverty stigma 
social exclusion

Question 14

human capital vs. social capital

Answer 14

human capital = cognitive and verbal ability may predict someone’s potential to participate in work force
social capital = healthy citizens that are engaged in their communities, creating social cohesion are more productive and have better overall wellbeing

Question 15

education

Answer 15

level of educational attainment
literacy
health literacy

Question 16

literacy

Answer 16

means more than knowing how to read, write, or calculate

involves understanding and being able to use the information required to function effectively

Question 17

types of literacy

Answer 17

document
prose
numeracy
problem-solving

Question 18

document

Answer 18

ability to find and use information in forms, charts, graphs and other ables

Question 19

prose

Answer 19

the knowledge and skills required to understand and appropriately use information from print materials

Question 20

numeracy

Answer 20

ability to use basic math skills in everyday life

Question 21

problem-solving

Answer 21

the ability to think and act in situations for which no routine solution procedure is available

Question 22

level of proficiency sccores

Answer 22

level 1= very poor literacy skills
level 2 = a capacity to deal only with simple, clear material involving uncomplicated tasks
level 3 = adequate to cope with the demands of everyday life and work in advanced society
levels 4 and 5 = strong skills

Question 23

definition of health literacy

Answer 23

ability to access, understand, evaluate, and communicate information as a way to promote, maintain, and improve health in a variety of settings across the life-course
60% of adults lack health literacy

Question 24

health literacy effects

Answer 24

direct effects = incorrect medication use, failure to comply with medical instructions, difficulty comprehending safety instructions
indirect effects = impacts other SeDoH’s

Question 25

health literacy activities that need to happen

Answer 25

health promotion = enhance and maintain health health protection = safeguard health of individuals and communities disease prevention = take preventative measures and engage in early detection health care and maintenance = seek care and for a partnership with healthcare providers systems navigation = access needed services, understand rights

Question 26

individual level indicators that show low health literacy

Answer 26

``` frequently missed appointments arriving without completing forms avoid referring to written information bringing family members to appointments claiming to have vision problems ignoring or misunderstanding instructions ```

Question 27

personal coping skills

Answer 27

health practices and behaviours actions by which individuals can prevent diseases and promote self-care, cope with challenges, and develop self-reliance, solve problems and make choices to enhance health

Question 28

learning domains

Answer 28

cognitive affective psychomotor

Question 29

developmental theory

Answer 29

explains how we develop across the lifespan and the factors that influence this process

Question 30

piagets theory of cognitive development

Answer 30

refers to the manner in which people learn to think, reason, and use language

Question 31

piagets four stages of cognitive development

Answer 31

sensorimotor = birth to two years preoperational = two to seven years concrete operational = seven to eleven years formal operational = eleven to fifteen years

Question 32

eriksons theory of psychosocial development

Answer 32

self concept = how someone perceives their appearance, values and beliefs which impacts their behaviours a person is not born with a self concept but develops one as a result of social interactions

Question 33

stages of eriksons psychosocial development

Answer 33

``` infancy = birth to 18 months early childhood = 2-3 years preschool = 3-5 school age = 6-11 adolescence = 12-18 young adulthood = 19-40 middle adulthood = 40-65 maturity = 65 to death ```

Question 34

resilience

Answer 34

ability to rebound from adversity and overcome difficult circumstances

Question 35

health belief model

Answer 35

``` predicts why people will take action individual beliefs perceived susceptibility and severity perceived benefits perceived barriers or costs perceived self efficacy cues to action modifying factors ```

Question 36

perceived susceptibility

Answer 36

beliefs about the likelihood of getting a disease or condition or belief that a diagnosis of an illness is accurate

Question 37

perceived severity

Answer 37

concerns about contracting or leaving an illness untreated | believes there are medical or social consequences

Question 38

perceived benefits

Answer 38

behaviour change may occur if the client believes in the action or other positive outcomes will occur as a result of the action

Question 39

perceived barriers or costs

Answer 39

refers to the complexity, duration, and accessibility of treatment

Question 40

perceived self efficacy

Answer 40

belief that one can successfully execute the behaviour to produce the desired outcome

Question 41

cues to action

Answer 41

cues that instigate action such as body events, environmental events or media publicity

Question 42

modifying factors

Answer 42

include personal variables, patient satisfaction, and socio-demographic factors (age, gender) that enable or act as barriers for the action

Question 43

TRA & TPB

Answer 43

theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behaviour individual motivational factors determine the likelihood of performing a behaviour behavioural intention predicted by = attitude towards behaviour, control over performing behaviour, social normative perceptions regarding the behaviour (similar to cues to action in health belief model)

Question 44

where do we intervene to promote change?

Answer 44

``` consciousness raising environmental reevaluation helping relationships reinforcement management stimulus control social liberation self efficacy ```

Question 45

transtheoretical model (TTM) and stages of change = prochaska

Answer 45

``` precontemplation = no intention to take action within the next six months contemplation = intends to take action within the next six months preparation = intends to take action within the next 30 days and has taken some steps towards action action = changed behaviour for less than six months maintenance = changed behaviour for more than six months termination = no temptation to relapse and 100% confidence ```

Question 46

measures for community development

Answer 46

capacity empowerment participation

Question 47

indicators of capacity

Answer 47

``` citizen participation increased social networks and support decreased isolation building relationships with those who control resources behavioural or structural change build on existing strenghs ```

Question 48

empowerment

Answer 48

an active, involved process where people, groups, and communities move towards increased individual and community control, political efficacy, improved quality of community life and social justice

Question 49

change measured at individual level and community level

Answer 49

``` readiness attitudes awareness knowledge action ```

Question 50

community level change outcomes

Answer 50

capacity empowerment participation