Segregation 3 Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is HUD’s role in monitoring racial discrimination in housing?
HUD (Housing and Urban Development) has conducted large paired-test audits to check for racial discrimination once every decade since the late 1970s.
When was the most recent HUD audit for racial discrimination in housing conducted?
The most recent audit was conducted in 2012 and re-analyzed in Christensen and Timmins (2018).
How many tests were involved in the 2012 Housing Discrimination Study (HDS)?
The 2012 Housing Discrimination Study (HDS) involved 8,000 tests across 28 metropolitan areas.
How were testers matched in the HDS 2012 study?
Testers were blind-matched to a partner based on their age and gender.
What characteristics were testers provided with in the HDS 2012 study?
Testers were provided with a profile of characteristics such as income, assets, debt levels, family circumstances, job characteristics, education levels, and housing preferences.
Why were testers given specific characteristics in the HDS study?
Testers were given these characteristics to make them unambiguously well-qualified for the advertised housing listings.
What happens during the housing search process in the HDS 2012 study?
Upon each draw of a listing, testers are randomly assigned and undergo a housing search process with a local real estate office or rental housing provider.
What are the three levels of testing in the HDS 2012 study?
Testers attempt to make appointments for in-person visits. If successful, testers use in-person visits to learn about available homes or apartments. Finally, testers seek to inspect homes or apartments if told about at least one available housing unit.
What was the focus of Christensen and Timmins (2018) study?
They re-analyzed the 2012 Housing Discrimination Study (HDS) to investigate differences in the quality of housing units shown to minority vs. white homeseekers.
What factors did Christensen and Timmins (2018) consider when analyzing housing discrimination?
They linked the HDS data with measures of neighborhood quality, such as poverty rates, crime rates, school quality, and environmental quality measures.
What was the central question of the study by Christensen and Timmins (2018)?
The study focused on whether minority homeseekers were systematically steered towards lower-quality neighborhoods.
What did Christensen and Timmins (2018) find about African American homeseekers?
They found that African American homeseekers were systematically steered away from neighborhoods that were predominantly white, even when controlling for other factors like home characteristics.
What was the result regarding minority homeseekers and neighborhood socio-economic status?
African American and Hispanic homeseekers were more likely to be shown units in neighborhoods with lower socio-economic status—higher poverty rates and fewer college-educated families.
How were minority homeseekers affected by environmental factors?
Minority homeseekers, especially African Americans, were steered toward units near Superfund and toxic release sites and were more likely to be shown housing in high-crime neighborhoods.
How did Christensen and Timmins (2018) analyze the impact of neighborhood racial composition?
They found that African American homeseekers were steered away from high-income, predominantly white neighborhoods.
What did the study conclude about the influence of racial composition on housing recommendations?
The study indicated that segregation-based steering, i.e., steering homeseekers away from white neighborhoods, cannot fully explain the differences in the neighborhoods recommended to minorities based on neighborhood quality.
What did the study by Christensen and Timmins (2018) say about minority homeseekers and neighborhood crime?
The study found that African American homeseekers were more likely to be steered to neighborhoods with higher crime rates compared to white homeseekers.
How did Christensen and Timmins (2018) quantify the effect of neighborhood quality?
They measured the impact of poverty, school quality, and crime rates by examining how real estate agents steered minority vs. white homeseekers to neighborhoods of differing quality.
