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Segundo Parcial 2 Semestre Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Functions of the digestive system

A

Ingest food
Digest food into nutrients
Absorb nutrients
Eliminate indigestible remains

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2
Q

Types of digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical

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3
Q

Type of digestion in which large pieces of food become smaller pieces. It begins with the chewing of the food in the mouth and continues with the churning and mixing of food in the stomach

A

Mechanical digestion

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4
Q

Type of digestion in which enzymes break down macromolecules into small organic molecules so that they can be absorbed

A

Chemical digestion

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5
Q

Organs that conform the digestive system

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

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6
Q

Accessory organs of the digestive system

A

Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder

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7
Q

It receives food and starts digestion of starch

A

Mouth

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8
Q

Passageways of the digestive system

A

Pharynx and esophagus

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9
Q

Organ that stores food, its acidity kills bacteria and starts digestion of proteins

A

Stomach

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10
Q

Organ in charge of the digestion of all food and absorption of nutrients

A

Small intestine

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11
Q

Organ in charge of the absorption of water and the storage of indigestible remains

A

Large intestine

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12
Q

Structures found on the mouth

A

Tongue
Soft and hard palate
Teeth

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13
Q

Swallowing occurs here

A

Pharynx

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14
Q

Rhythmic contraction in the esophagus that pushes the food to the stomach

A

Peristalsis

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15
Q

Organ that is about 6 meters long and is divided in three parts

A

Small intestine

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16
Q

Parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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17
Q

Organ that is divided in four parts and is also called colon

A

Large intestine

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18
Q

Parts of the large intestine

A

Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

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19
Q

Accessory organ that secretes lipase and amylase (digestive enzymes)

A

Pancreas

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20
Q

Accessory organ that produces bile, stores glycogen, and performs drug detoxification

A

Liver

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21
Q

Accessory organ that stores bile until needed for digestion and is attached to the liver and duodenum

A

Gallbladder

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22
Q

Function of the respiratory system

A

To ensure that oxygen enters the body and carbon dioxide leaves it

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23
Q

With what other system does the respiratory system work along to accomplish respiration?

A

With the cardiovascular system

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24
Q

It is the path of air from the nose to the lungs. The air is cleansed, warmed, and moistened during this path.

A

Respiratory tract

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25
Parts of the respiratory system
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree (bronchi and bronchioles), lungs, and alveoli
26
The respiratory tract divides in two parts which are:
Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract
27
Organs or structures contained in the upper respiratory tract
Nose, pharynx, glottis, larynx
28
Organs or structures located in the lower respiratory tract
Trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli
29
It contains two nasal cavities separated by a septum and cell receptors
Nose
30
It is a funnel-shaped passageway, connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx, commonly called "throat", and food and air cross here.
Pharynx
31
Cartilaginous boxlike structure that serves as a passageway for air between the pharynx and the trachea. At the top of it is the glottis and the epiglottis. It's called "voice box" because contains the vocal cords
Larynx
32
It is commonly called "windpipe" and is a tube connecting the larynx to the bronchi. Group of C-shaped cartilaginous rings and has a mucus layer with cilia that keeps the lungs clean
Trachea
33
Trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi leading to right and left lungs. The bronchi branch leads to secondary bronchi and at the end of the bronchioles. Each bronchiole ends in a space enclosed by air pockets called alveoli which make up the lungs
Bronchial tree
34
They are paired, cone-shaped organs that lie on both sides of the heart. They have lobes which are divided into lobules; each lobule has a bronchiole with many alveoli
Lungs
35
Each alveolar sac is made up epithelial tissue and surrounded by blood capillaries. Gas exchange occurs between air and blood. Oxygen leaves the alveoli and carbon dioxide enters them
Alveoli
36
Dome-shaped horizontal layer of muscle and connective tissue that forms the thoracic cavity
Diaphragm
37
Gas exchange between air in the alveoli and pulmonary capillary blood. CO2 is transferred from blood to the lungs
External respiration
38
Protein that transports oxygen
Hemoglobin
39
Refers to the gas exchange between blood vessels and tissues. CO2 is passed from the tissues to the blood and oxygen from the blood to the tissues.
Internal respiration
40
Is where digestion takes place. It is a tube which begins with the mouth and ends with the anus
Digestive tract
41
Clump of cells in the wall of the right atrium that serves as the cardiac pacemaker
Sinoatrial (SA) node
42
Name of other node, apart from SA node, located in the heart
Atrioventricular (AV) node
43
Liters of blood that an average adult has
4.5 liters
44
Components of blood (4):
Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets
45
Component of blood that serves as the transport for blood cells and platelets. Contains dissolved nutrients, wastes, signaling molecules, and plasma proteins. It is 50 to 60 percent of total blood volume
Plasma
46
Are the most numerous cells in blood (30 trillion). Their red color comes from hemoglobin
Red blood cells
47
Cells that engulf and digest cellular debris such as aged red blood cells. They defend the body against viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens
White blood cells
48
They are bits of cytoplasm wrapped in plasma membrane that play a roll in clotting and have no nucleus. Also called thrombocytes
Platelets
49
Refers to the bulging of an artery with each ventricular contraction
Pulse
50
Veins go TO THE HEART and arteries FROM THE HEART.
****note***
51
Pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the vessels that enclose it. It is higher in arteries.
Blood pressure
52
Measurements of blood pressure
Systolic and diastolic pressure
53
It is the highest pressure of a cardiac cycle. Occurs as the contracting ventricles force blood into the arteries
Systolic pressure
54
It is the lowest blood pressure of a cardiac cycle. Occurs when the ventricles are fully relaxed
Diastolic pressure
55
Unit for measuring blood pressure
mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)
56
Organs that conform the urinary system
Kidneys Ureters Urethra Urinary bladder
57
They produce urine
Kidneys
58
They transport the urine
Ureters
59
It stores the urine
Urinary bladder
60
It passes urine outside
Urethra
61
Bean-shaped organs as large as an adult's fist enclosed in a protective outer capsule of connective tissue
Kidneys
62
The kidneys are composed of over one million of this:
Nephrons
63
Name of the three processes by which nephrons clean blood and make urine
Filtration Reabsorption Secretion
64
Occurs when blood pressure forces water and solutes out through spaces between cells in the walls of the capillaries
Filtration
65
By this process, water and essential solutes that left the blood return to it as the filtrate flows though tubules
Reabsorption
66
Is what gives urine its yellow color
Degraded hemoglobin
67
Process in which, as the filtrate flows through the tubule, unwanted solutes from the blood are moved into it
Tubular secretion or secretion
68
Smallest-diameter blood vessels; site of exchanges of gases and other materials with tissues
Capillaries
69
Blood vessels that connect a capillary to a vein
Venules
70
Blood vessel that delvers blood from an artery to a capillary
Arteriole
71
Large diameter vessel that carries blood without oxygen to the heart
Vein
72
Large diameter blood vessel that carries blood with oxygen away from the heart
Artery
73
Commonly caused by a virus, can resolve without treatment and is highly contagious
Common cold
74
Component of blood that carries oxygen
Red blood cells
75
Universal donor of blood
O
76
Disease that involves a reversible obstruction of the airways, caused by inflammation. Most of the time triggered by an allergen
Asthma
77
Infection of the lower respiratory tract
Pneumonia
78
Disease that is caused by smoking and has 2 forms of presentation (bronchitis and emphysema). Is irreversible.
COPD (Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease)
79
A plaque forms in the inside of the arteries and can obstruct the blood flow. It can be asymptomatic
Atherosclerosis
80
Main feature of this disease is an intolerance to gluten
Celiac disease
81
Disease where a bacteria gets inside the system and cause the following symptoms: abdominal pain, difficulty to urinate and painful urination
Urinary tract infection
82
The main component of the urinary bladder is:
Muscle
83
Disease also known as "myocardial infarction" that occurs when blood clots and blocks the arteries so the heart stops getting oxygen
Heart attack
84
Disease in which the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine
Celiac disease

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