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ARE 5.0 - P&A > Selection Of Structural Systems > Flashcards

Selection Of Structural Systems Flashcards

1
Q

One-way structural system

A

Load transmitted through material in one direction at a time

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2
Q

Joists

A

Light, closely spaced members spanning between beams / bearing walls

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3
Q

What is the most common type of solid wood beams?

A

Plank and beam system

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4
Q

Plank and beam system

A

Members of 4-6” thicknrssvspan between beams/girders at spacing of 4,6,8 ft. Wood decking is used to span between beams.

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5
Q

Lightweight I-shaped joists

A

Factory made - consists of top and bottom chord of solid or laminated construction separated by a plywood or oriented strand board web

Longer spans than typical wood joist system

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6
Q

When would you use a lightweight I-shaped joist system?

A

For residential or light commercial construction

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7
Q

What are 4 benefits of steel structural systems?

A
  1. Availability
  2. Adaptability
  3. High strength
  4. Ductile
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8
Q

Ductile

A

Member can tolerate some deformation and will return to its original shape

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9
Q

What are 2 common steel structural systems?

A
  1. Beam and girder

2. Open web steel joists

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10
Q

What distances do beams and girders span?

A 
Girders = short distances
Beams = longer distances
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11
Q

What is the typical span for steel beam and girder structural systems?

A

40-80 feet

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12
Q

What’re 2 types of open web steel joist systems?

A
  1. Long span (up to 96 foot spans)

2. Deep long span (up to 144 foot spans)

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13
Q

What type of construction is the open web steel joist system best suited for?

A

Low rise construction where floor to floor height is not critical

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14
Q

What is a disadvantage when using a cast-in place concrete structural system?

A

It requires framework, takes a lot of time

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15
Q

What is a benefit of a cast-in place structural system?

A

Unlimited shapes

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16
Q

What are 2 benefits if using pre-cast structural systems?

A
  1. Good quality control (factory made)

2. Quick construction time

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17
Q

Tilt up panels

A

Concrete wall panels pre-cast on site

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18
Q

What are 2 examples of one-way concrete structural systems?

A
  1. Beam and girder

2. Concrete joists

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19
Q

What are 3 benefits to using a concrete beam and girder structural system?

A
  1. Economical
  2. Easy to form
  3. Allows penetrations / openings in slabs
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20
Q

List 3 types of two-way concrete structural systems

A
  1. Flat plate (simplest)
  2. Flat slab
  3. Waffle slab
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21
Q

When would you use a two-way concrete structural system?

A

For rectilinear bays where the distance between columns is the same in both directions

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22
Q

When would you use a flat plate concrete structural system?

A

For lighter loads and shorter spans (loads increase near the columns) and when floor to floor height must be kept to a minimum

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23
Q

When would you use a flat slab concrete structural system?

A

For heavier loads. Slab thickness will be increased at the columns or column capitals will be added to resist shear failures

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24
Q

Which of the 3 two-way concrete structural systems can handle the heaviest loads and longest spans?

A

Waffle slab (spans up to 40 feet)

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25
What type of concrete is pre-stressed?
Pre-cast concrete
26
Pre-stressed
High-strength cables are stretched in pre-cast forms, before concrete is poured. Once concrete achieves min. Strength, the cables are released, transferring compressive stresses into the concrete
27
Post-tensioned concrete
Post-tensioning steel (tendons) stressed after concrete has been poured and cured
28
When is post-tensioned concrete useful?
For jobs requiring high strength, but it’s too difficult to transport pre-cast members to the site
29
What are 4 benefits to using masonry?
1. High compressive strength 2. Fire / weathering resistant 3. Weak to tension & bending 4. Offers strength & design flexibility
30
List the 3 types of masonry bearing wall construction
1. Single wythe 2. Double wythe 3. Cavity
31
Why must the joints of masonry units be reinforced horizontally at regular intervals?
To control shrinkage and cracks. Multiple wythes must be tied together
32
Slenderness ratio
Ratio of wall’s unsupported height to its thickness. Indication of ability of wall to resist buckling when compressive load is applied from above
33
What 3 things determine the thickness of masonry walls?
1. Slenderness ratio 2. Flexural strength 3. Fire resistance
34
Composite construction
Structural system consisting of two or more materials designed to act together to resist loads
35
What is the most common type of composite construction?
Reinforced concrete
36
What is the most important thing to consider when attaching exterior facing?
Expansion & contraction due to temperature changes and slight movement of structural frame
37
What is the primary limiting factor in using trusses?
Transporting to job site
38
List two types of supports for arches
1. Hinged | 2. Fixed
39
What force is a hinged arch primarily subject to?
Compression
40
Describe the relationship between thrust and rise of an arch
Thrust is inversely proportional to the rise. If the rise is reduced by one half, the thrust doubles.
41
List the material spans for arches from smallest spans to greatest
1. Wood (50-240 feet) 2. Concrete (20-320 feet) 3. Steel (50-500 feet)
42
Rigid frame
Constructed so vertical and horizontal members work as a single structural unit
43
Why are rigid frames efficient?
Members resist loads together, not individually
44
What happens when you increase the stiffness of a rigid frame?
The thrust increases
45
What type of rigid frame system is used for single story structures?
Gabled frame
46
Space frame
Structural system consisting of trusses in 2 directions rigidly connected at their intersections
47
What are space frames most efficient for?
Enclosing large rectilinear areas. Also very stiff which means increased spans (up to 350 feet) Lightweight, reduced fabrication / erection time
48
What spans do you get with folded plates?
30-100 feet
49
How are folded plates constructed?
Reinforced concrete 3-6” thick
50
Span for thin shell system?
40-200 feet
51
What is a disadvantage of suspension structures?
Instability due to wind / other loading
52
What holds inflatable structures in place?
Air pressure that’s greater than the outside pressure
53
Disadvantage of inflatable structure
Unstable
54
Uses for inflatable structures
Sports arenas, or large single-space buildings
55
List 5 criteria to consider when selecting a structural system?
1. Resistance to loads (live and dead) 2. Building use & function 3. Integration with other building systems 4. Cost influences 5. Fire resistance
56
What two materials are inherently fire resistant?
Concrete and masonry
57
What is disadvantage of steel when it comes to fire resistance?
Steel must be fireproofed, which increases cost
58
Which has greater span capabilities - folded plates or thin shell structural systems?
Thin shell (up to 200 ft) Folded plates are only up to 100 ft
59
List types of two-way concrete structural systems by span capability from smallest span to greatest span
1. Flat plate (up to 25 feet) 2. Flat slab (up to 30 feet) 3. Waffle slab (up to 40 feet)
60
Of the two one way concrete structural systems, which one has a greater span range?
Concrete joists (20-30 feet) Beam and girders only span up to 15-30 feet
61
List types of wood structural systems from smallest span range to the greatest
1. Plank and beam system (only 10-20 ft) 2. Wood joists (20-25 ft) 3. Lightweight I-shaped joist 4. Truss (24-40 ft) 5. Glulam (15-60 ft)

ARE 5.0 - P&A (5 decks)

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