Sem 1 Year 2 Flashcards
(28 cards)
How is oxygen transported in the blood?
Dissolved in octogenarian (2%)/ bound to haemoglobing (98%) which is found in our red blood cells.
Haemoglobin (Hb) is an iron containing globular protein that increases the carrying capacity of the blood by 65-70 times.
What’s the 1st stage involved in blood Ph regulation during exercise performed above the lactate threshold?
Decrease in muscle and blood pH overtime
First line of defence = muscle intracellular proteins (60%)
muscle bicarbonate 20 to 30%
muscle phosphate 10 to 20%
But muscle buffering is limited
Define mechanical work
Movement that required muscle contraction
Define chemical work
Anatolian and catabolism that require energy
For example, make up the cells and tissues of the body
Define transport work
The active transport of substance around the body that requires energy
What’s the 6 forms of energy
Chemical Electrical Electromagnetic Thermal Mechanical Nuclear
What’s substrate in the body would provide the highest quantity of energy?
Fat
What’s the SI unit for energy?
Joules (J)
Work = force x?
Work = force x distance
Power =?/time
Power = work/ time
Calculate work come for this exercise?
Power output = 200W / 10minutes
Total work done = 200 x 10 x 60 = 120,000 J = 120 kJ
Work =?
Work = force x Distance
List the intrinsic electrical stimulation pathway of the cardiac muscle?
Sino atrial node
Atrioventricular node
AV bundle
Purkinje fibres
Define ejection fraction
The fraction of blood ejected by the ventricle relative to its end-diastolic volume
How do you calculate ejection fraction
EF = stroke volume / end diastolic volume
Comment on the ejection fraction of a 25yr old male who has stroke volume of 47ml/but and end-systolic volume of 23ml?
Ejection fraction = 67%
Normal value for their age
What is a normal EF value?
> 60%
What’s a normal EF value for someone with heart failure?
Below 59%
How to work out total energy expenditure?
Vco2 / vo2 = caloric equivalent
Vo2 x caloric equivalent = rate of EE
TOTAL EE= rate of EE x time
What are three main physiological factors explaining endurance performance?
Maximal oxygen uptake
Endurance or the ability of maintaining a high percent of vo2 max for a long time. Assessing endurance by lactate of ventilators threshold
vo2 required at a given absolute exercise intensity
Define maximal oxygen uptake (BASES Definition)
Maximal volume of oxygen consumed by the body each minute during the large muscle group at sea level
What are normative values for vo2 max of healthy males
36-44mL. Kg-1.min-1
What are normative values for vo2 max of healthy females
32/38mL.kg-1.min-1
What are normative values for vo2 max of world class long distance runners
85mL.kg-1.min-1
