[SEM2] Patho SEMESTERAL exam 2 Flashcards by

Which one of the following statements regarding fibrocystic changes of the breast is false?

A) It is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
B) It generally develops after the age of 30 and before menopause.
C) Calcifications are often present.
D) The affected glands have myoepithelial cells.

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A 50-year-old man has a soft retroperitoneal 10 cm mass with a yellow, lobulated cut surface. This neoplasm is composed of variably sized dysplastic cells with pleomorphic nuclei and cytoplasm composed of fatty material. What is the diagnosis?

A) Angiolipoma
B) Angiofibrolipoma
C) Liposarcoma
D) Myelolipoma

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Presence of mature thyroid tissue in ovarian tumors is characteristic of which of the following?

A) Struma ovarii
B) Brenner tumor
C) Krukenberg tumor
D) All of the above

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The most common indolent lymphoma of adults is:

A) Acute lymphoblastic lymphoma
B) Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
C) Follicular Lymphoma
D) Small lymphocytic lymphoma

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It is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children:

A) Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
B) Retinoblastoma
C) Squamous cell carcinoma
D) Uveal melanoma

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Which of the following squamous cell carcinomas is HPV related?

A) Verrucous carcinoma
B) Adenosquamous carcinoma
C) Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
D) Papillary squamous cell carcinoma

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Which of the following will not result in axial or direct forward proptosis of the eye?

A) Adenoid cystic carcinoma
B) Glioma
C) Meningioma
D) Thyroid-related orbitopathy

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A 50-year-old man has had increasing dyspnea for the past 5 years. He has an occasional cough with minimal sputum production. On physical examination, his lungs are hyperresonant with expiratory wheezes. Pulmonary function tests show increased total lung capacity (TLC) with slightly increased FVC and decreased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio. Which of the following disease processes should most often be suspected as a cause of these findings?

A) Centrilobular emphysema
B) Diffuse alveolar damage
C) Chronic pulmonary embolism
D) Primary adenocarcinoma

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A genotypic (XY) infant has female phenotypic external genitalia characterized by a vagina that ends as a blind sac (i.e., no internal reproductive tract). The infant’s condition is most likely caused by:

A) 17 alpha-Hydroxylase deficiency
B) Complete androgen resistance
C) 3 Beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
D) 5-alpha-Reductase deficiency

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A 68-year-old man presents with increasing headache and “clumsiness” on the left side over the past two months. On physical examination, he has mild left upper and lower extremity weakness (left pronator drift and 4/5 weakness in left extremity muscles), and moderate sensory loss in the left extremities. MRI shows a large infiltrating lesion centered in the right parietal cortex and expanding the corpus callosum, surrounded by edema. What is most likely the histologic appearance of this tumor?

A) Fibrillary cells with true ependymal rosettes
B) Nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, multiple mitoses
C) Primitive cells resembling cerebellar granular cells, numerous mitoses
D) Spindled cells arranged in sheets and whorls, no mitoses

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A 55-year-old man has had malaise for the past three months. He is afebrile. Cardiac auscultation detects heart sounds and a friction rub. An echocardiogram demonstrates pericardial effusion. A pericardiocentesis yields 10 mL of hemorrhagic fluid. Which of the following conditions is most likely to account for all these findings?

A) Metastatic cancer
B) Rheumatic fever
C) Autoimmune disease
D) Acute myocardial infarction

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Most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in males:

A) Prostate carcinoma
B) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
C) Transitional cell carcinoma
D) Urethral carcinoma

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Which of the following patients has the greatest likelihood for progression into cor pulmonale?

A) A patient with a ventricular septal defect
B) A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis
C) A patient with mitral stenosis
D) A patient with pulmonary stenosis

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Which of the following will NOT cause hemorrhagic cystitis?

A) Adenovirus
B) BK Virus
C) Cyclophosphamide
D) Chemotherapy
E) Chlamydia

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Which of the following statements is NOT true of Herpes Simplex Virus?

A) Earliest lesion is red papules that progress to vesicles
B) May cause painful urination if around the urethra
C) Mucosal and skin lesions spontaneously heal within 3 weeks
D) Latent infection does not persist

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A 78-year-old female, former smoker, is noted to have hematuria. On ultrasound, a lesion was noted on the renal pelvis. What is your initial impression?

A) Squamous cell carcinoma
B) Urothelial cell carcinoma
C) Adenocarcinoma
D) Renal cell carcinoma

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A painless, slow-growing mass with cystic cavities that are large, filled with thick, tenacious mucin and lined by a columnar mucin-producing epithelium associated with a dense stroma is most likely:

A) Serous cystic neoplasm
B) Mucinous cystic neoplasm
C) Intraductal papillary neoplasm
D) Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm

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A 60-year-old woman has had a chronic nonproductive cough for 4 months along with loss of appetite and a 6-kg weight loss. She does not smoke. On physical examination, there are no remarkable findings. Her chest radiograph shows a right peripheral subpleural mass. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy is performed, and she undergoes a right lower lobectomy. The microscopic appearance of the lesion shows several malignant cells with glandular differentiation and prominent lumens. She receives therapy directed at epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and remains symptom-free for the next 10 years. Which of the following neoplasms did she most likely have?

A) Adenocarcinoma
B) Large-cell carcinoma
C) Small-cell carcinoma
D) Squamous cell carcinoma

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Over the past 5 years, a 65-year-old woman has noticed a slowly enlarging nodule on her face. On physical examination, a 3-cm, nontender, mobile, discrete mass is palpable on the left side of the face, anterior to the ear and just superior to the mandible. The mass is completely excised, and histologic examination shows ductal epithelial cells in a myxoid stroma containing islands of chondroid and bone. This patient is most likely to have which of the following neoplasms?

A) Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
B) Pleomorphic adenoma
C) Squamous cell carcinoma
D) Warthin tumor

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Which of the following is NOT true of hereditary spherocytosis?

A) The characteristic clinical features are anemia, splenomegaly, and jaundice.
B) HS red cells have decreased mean cell hemoglobin concentration.
C) Aplastic crises can be triggered by an acute parvovirus infection.
D) Pigment stones occur in 40% to 50% of affected adults.

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A 25-year-old woman has cauliflower-shaped perineal lesions that are diagnosed as condyloma acuminatum. The etiologic agent is:

A) HSV
B) HPV 6 and 11
C) HPV 16 and 18
D) Candida albicans

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A patient with Addison disease would be expected to exhibit all the following laboratory abnormalities, except:

A) Metabolic alkalosis
B) Hyponatremia
C) Increased serum blood urea nitrogen
D) Fasting hypoglycemia

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A 30-year-old male was previously diagnosed with psoriasis. These lesions wax and wane over the scalp, lumbosacral, and penile regions. He had chronic arthritis in the hips and knees. Which physical exam finding would most likely be present?

A) Friction rub
B) Hyperreflexia
C) Hypertension
D) Nail changes

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A 35-year-old woman presents to the clinic with a one-year history of slowly progressive dyspnea on exertion. Physical exam finds cyanosis, an elevated jugular venous pulse, a fixed split loud second heart sound, and peripheral edema. Arterial oxygen saturation is 84%. Chest radiography reveals an enlarged heart and normal lung parenchyma. The woman says her last visit to the doctor was ten years ago, and her findings were “all normal.” Which of the following conditions is she most likely to have?

A) Ebstein’s anomaly
B) Truncus arteriosus
C) Ventricular septal defect
D) Atrial septal defect

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A 5-week-old baby girl is brought to a clinic due to frequent forceful, projectile vomiting after feeding. The mother noted frequent demands for re-feeding. On physical examination, it reveals a firm, ovoid abdominal mass and hyperperistalsis movement. What is your diagnosis? A) Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis B) Atresia C) Acquired pyloric stenosis D) None of the above

A 25-year-old female has a fourth thoracic right transverse process nodule that measures 1 cm. There is a central nidus with a radiolucent halo. What is the diagnosis? A) Chondroma B) Fibrous dysplasia C) Osteoid osteoma D) Chordoma

Which oncogene is rarely inactivated in other cancer cell types? A) KRAS B) CDKN2A C) SMAD4 D) TP53

A 55-year-old woman presents with a poorly defined lump in her right breast for the past year. Physical exam finds a nontender, firm, 6-cm mass in the upper inner quadrant. There are no lesions of the overlying skin and no axillary lymphadenopathy. Needle biopsy is done, and microscopic exam of the specimen reveals cellular stroma protruding into spaces lined by a single-layer cuboidal epithelium. The mass is removed with a wide margin but recurs one year later. After further removal, the lesion does not recur. What is the most likely diagnosis? A) Fibroadenoma B) Phyllodes tumor C) Tubular carcinoma D) Lobular carcinoma

Which of the following is most likely to be present in a 68-year-old VDRL-positive man with thoracic aortic aneurysm? A) Obliterative endarteritis B) Aschoff nodules C) Giant cells D) Cystic medial necrosis

A 49-year-old man has sudden onset of severe lower abdominal pain with hematuria. He passes a ureteral calculus. Laboratory studies show that the calculus is composed of calcium oxalate. He is found to have a serum calcium concentration of 10.2 mg/dL, serum phosphorus level of 2.9 mg/dL, and serum albumin level of 4.6 g/dL. A chest radiograph shows a 7-cm hilar mass in the right lung. Chest CT scan shows prominent central necrosis in this mass. Which of the following neoplasms is most likely to be associated with these findings? A) Lepidic adenocarcinoma B) Metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma C) Metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma D) Squamous cell carcinoma

Testicular atrophy may be caused by one of several conditions: A) End-stage inflammatory orchitis B) Cryptorchidism C) Prolonged administration of antiandrogens D) All of the above

A 10-year-old girl has a reddish soft tissue mass protruding from the vaginal orifice. There is a Cambium layer composed of small round blue cells. Occasional strap cells are seen. What is the diagnosis? A) Fibrosarcoma B) Hidradenocarcinoma C) Botryoid Rhabdomyosarcoma D) Squamous cell carcinoma

Which of the following is correct about Duchenne muscular dystrophy? A) Complete absence of dystrophin B) Later onset C) Truncated dystrophin D) Life expectancy is near normal

In general, microcytic hypochromic anemias are caused by: A) Abnormalities of red cell membrane protein B) Abnormalities that impair the maturation of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow C) Infection of red cells D) Disorders in hemoglobin synthesis

A 30-year-old intravenous drug abuser develops fever for several days. His pertinent physical findings include a heart murmur and splinter hemorrhages on the nails of his hands. Echocardiography shows large vegetations involving his aortic valve. The least likely complication to occur in this condition is: A) Congestive heart failure B) Valvular insufficiency C) Splenic infarct D) Hemopericardium

Hypopituitarism may be caused by all the following conditions, except: A) Basophil adenoma B) Pituitary irradiation C) Chromophobe adenoma D) Metastatic breast cancer

A 52-year-old woman has had an increasingly severe cough productive of yellowish sputum for several days. On physical examination, her temperature is 39.9°C. Diffuse crackles are heard in the left lower lung. A chest radiograph shows left lower lung consolidation. Laboratory studies show a WBC count of 11,990/mm³ with 72% segmented neutrophils, 8% bands, 16% lymphocytes, and 4% monocytes. Which of the following pathogens is most likely to be cultured from the patient's sputum? A) Cryptococcus neoformans B) Mycoplasma pneumoniae C) Streptococcus pneumoniae D) Pneumocystis jiroveci

A 70-year-old female has noted increasing size and number of darker brown patches on the dorsum of each hand for the past 10 years. These lesions do not change with sun exposure, are non-pruritic and nontender. On physical examination, these are 0.5 to 1.0 cm lightly pigmented and flat lesions. Which of the following is the most likely microscopic finding? A) Basal melanocytic hyperplasia B) Atypical basal cells C) Dermal nevus cells D) Mast cell proliferation

Mechanism of CFTR gene defect to pancreas: A) Decreased bicarbonate secretion by pancreatic ductal cells and protein plugging and duct obstruction B) Increased trypsin activity C) Prevent self-inactivation of trypsin D) Alteration of calcium levels

Secondary achalasia is caused by the following: A) Trypanosoma infection B) Degenerative changes in the extraesophageal vagus nerve C) Degeneration of nitric oxide-producing neurons D) None of the above

Which of the following is the most common form of congenital abnormality? A) Imperforate anus B) Tracheoesophageal fistula with atresia C) Pyloric stenosis D) Meckel diverticulum

Which of the following benign exophytic lesions is associated with koilocytic atypia? A) Fibroepithelial polyp B) Condyloma acuminatum C) Squamous papilloma D) All of the above

Which of the following is NOT associated with Type II Endometrial carcinoma? A) P53 mutations are present in at least 90% of cases B) Typically arise in the setting of endometrial hyperplasia C) Occur in the setting of endometrial atrophy D) Aggressive in behavior

Characterized by the accumulation of kappa or lambda light chains on renal tubular cells; in light microscopy, the accumulations may be seen as acellular material on cells. A) Amyloidosis B) Multiple myeloma C) Urate nephropathy D) Acute glomerulonephritis

True of Thalassemia syndromes, EXCEPT: A) B-thalassemia is caused by deficient synthesis of the B-globin chain, while a-thalassemia is caused by deficient synthesis of the alpha chain B) B-thalassemia major is a transfusion-dependent anemia C) Anemia manifests in newborns with B-thalassemia major D) Blood smears reveal anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, microcytosis, and hypochromia

A 35-year-old male with expanded, ropy thickening of multiple nerve fascicles resulting in a "bag of worms" appearance. Which of the following has a higher propensity to transform into Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor? A) Diffuse neurofibroma B) Nerve sheath myxoma C) Plexiform neurofibroma D) Superficial cutaneous neurofibroma

A 78-year-old man has had increasing dyspnea without cough or increased sputum production for the past 4 months. On physical examination, he is afebrile. Breath sounds are reduced in all lung fields. A chest CT scan shows a dense, bright, right pleural mass encasing most of the left lung. Microscopic examination of a pleural biopsy specimen shows spindle and cuboidal cells that invade adipose tissue. Inhalation of which of the following pollutants is the most likely factor in the pathogenesis of this mass? A) Asbestos B) Coal dust C) Radon D) Silica

Which of the following is NOT associated with monoclonal gammopathies? A) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma B) H chain disease C) Multiple myeloma D) Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

This ectopic tissue may clinically manifest with occult blood due to peptic ulceration: A) Gastric tissue/mucosa in the small bowel B) Pancreatic tissue in the esophagus C) Gastric tissue in the upper esophagus D) Esophageal mucosa in any part of the GI tract

A 25-year-old homosexual man presents with nonpruritic, reddish-brown truncal lesions. Biopsy of these lesions would be expected to show: A) A malignant vascular proliferation with extensive hemosiderin deposits B) Metastatic foci of a highly vascular tumor of epithelial origin C) A malignant B-cell proliferation in the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue D) Granulation tissue with an atypical inflammatory infiltrate

Mycotic aneurysms are most likely to be seen in a patient with which one of the following? A) Disseminated aspergillosis B) Polyarteritis nodosa C) Aortic valve endocarditis with S. aureus D) Metastatic adenocarcinoma

Tumor in infants and children with polypoid, bulky masses with grapelike clusters that can protrude from the vagina: A) Sarcoma botryoides B) Leiomyosarcoma C) Cervical carcinoma D) Adenosarcoma

A 38-year-old woman hit her head and was brought into the emergency room. CT scan shows no hemorrhage or fracture, but there is a 5 cm mass beneath the dura. This mass compresses the underlying left superolateral parietal lobe. The mass is surgically removed. Histologic analysis shows elongated cells with pale, oblong nuclei and pink cytoplasm with occasional psammoma bodies. What is most likely the diagnosis? A) Craniopharyngioma B) Hemangioblastoma C) Meningioma D) Pituitary adenoma

Which of the following is most likely NOT associated with Neurofibromatosis Type 1? A) Café au lait spots B) Glioma of the optic nerve C) Lisch nodules D) Vestibular schwannoma

A term baby born to a 32-year-old mother with an uncomplicated pregnancy. The baby has a small lower lumbar skin dimple with a protruding tuft of hair underlying the L4 vertebra, with a lack of closure of the posterior arches. What is most likely the diagnosis? A) Encephalocele B) Meningomyelocele C) Myelocele D) Spina bifida occulta

True of Hodgkin lymphoma, EXCEPT: A) Orderly spread by contiguity B) More often localized to a single axial group of nodes C) Waldeyer ring and mesenteric lymph nodes are rarely involved D) Extranodal presentation is common

A 25-year-old patient presents with a unilateral button-like subareolar enlargement. Biopsy reveals an increase in dense collagenous connective tissue associated with epithelial hyperplasia of the duct without lobule formation. What is the diagnosis? A) Fibroadenoma B) Fibrocystic changes C) Gynecomastia D) Galactocele

Autosplenectomy is more commonly seen in: A) B-thalassemia major B) Hereditary spherocytosis C) Immunohemolytic anemia D) Sickle cell disease

A 20-year-old female has had a light brown spot on her left shin for the past year. It is a 0.7 cm, firm, nontender nodule. It is excised, and on microscopic examination consists of a localized, dermal, spindle cell proliferation with overlying epidermal hyperplasia and downward elongation of hyperpigmented rete ridges. What is the diagnosis? A) Dermatofibroma B) Leiomyoma C) Neurofibroma D) Schwannoma

Which one of the following endocrine organs is most often associated with metastasis from other primary sites? A) Pituitary B) Adrenal C) Pancreas D) Thyroid

A patient diagnosed with Von-Hippel Lindau disease has a hemangioblastoma. What blood abnormality is usually associated with this disease entity? A) Leukemia B) Neutropenia C) Polycythemia D) Thrombocytopenia

A 38-year-old male presented with hematuria. Incision biopsy revealed clear tumor cells. He underwent radical nephrectomy. Cut sections of the tumor show golden yellow ill-defined tumor. What is the diagnosis? A) Renal cell carcinoma B) Urothelial carcinoma C) Adenocarcinoma D) Renal cell carcinoma

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding Cryptorchidism? A) Incomplete descent of the testis B) Increases the risk of testicular carcinoma C) Transabdominal phase is androgen dependent D) Orchiopexy is performed at 6-12 months

A 35-year-old woman with a history of hypercalcemia and recurrent urinary stones undergoes surgical resection of a parathyroid lesion. Histopathological exam shows an encapsulated lesion composed of a mixture of cell types with a predominance of chief cells. There are foci of cells with bizarre hyperchromatic nuclei, scattered clusters of lymphocytes, and occasional mitoses. Which one of the following histological parameters suggests a diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma rather than adenoma? A) Bizarre nuclei B) Capsular invasion C) Occasional mitoses D) Diffuse growth pattern

Which of the following statements is correct regarding Bowenoid Papulosis? A) Affects the penile shaft and scrotum of older men B) Never develops into invasive carcinoma C) Gives rise to infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma D) Acquires a red velvet appearance

Acute nonspecific lymphadenitis is associated with: A) Follicular hyperplasia B) Fibrosis of lymph node C) Sinus histiocytosis D) Painful enlarged lymph node

A 10-year-old boy started to be more clumsy than usual and had trouble keeping his balance when he was running on rough ground or up and down stairs. These symptoms worsened over a 10-month period, and he occasionally fell to the right. Examination showed dysmetria in the right upper and lower extremities. MRI showed a cystic lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere. Microscopy showed Rosenthal fibers and eosinophilic bodies. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A) Ependymoma B) Glioblastoma C) Medulloblastoma D) Pilocytic astrocytoma

A 18-year-old male has a left tibial mass arising from the medullary cavity of the proximal diaphysis. This is composed of small round blue cells with "salt and pepper" chromatin and some neural differentiation. These cells are CD99+ and FLI-1+. What is the diagnosis? A) Alveolar soft part sarcoma B) Ewing sarcoma C) Telangiectatic osteosarcoma D) Small cell osteosarcoma

Severe head trauma that results in interruption of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vessels would most likely lead to which one of the following conditions? A) Acromegaly B) Hyperprolactinemia C) Insulin resistance D) Hyperpigmentation

Ring of normal pancreatic tissue that completely encircles the second portion of the duodenum is known as: A) Annular pancreas B) Pancreas divisum C) Agenesis D) Ectopic pancreas

An 18-year-old man had severe blunt trauma. He was comatose on arrival at the emergency room and had no spontaneous movement. Bilateral papilledema was noted. He expired after a day. Autopsy shows midbrain and pons hemorrhage in a linear ventral-to-dorsal direction known to be Duret hemorrhage. What is most likely the cause? A) Extracranial herniation B) Tonsillar herniation C) Transtentorial herniation D) Subfalcine herniation

A 16-year-old Japanese girl presents with a history of fevers, joint pain, night sweats, and muscle pain. Physical exam finds extremely weak pulses in her upper extremities. Laboratory abnormalities in which of the following parameters is most likely? A) Cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody B) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate C) Anti-IgG antibodies D) Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

On autopsy of a gunshot wound victim, there was an incidental finding of a well-delineated pale wedge-shaped lesion on one of the kidneys. What is the most likely diagnosis? A) Cortical cyst B) Hypoplasia C) Renal infarct D) Nephrolithiasis

Identify the most common site where ectopic gastric tissue/mucosa is seen: A) Lower segment of esophagus B) Upper third segment of esophagus C) Ileum D) Duodenum

A 35-year-old woman has a palpably firm irregular mass in the right breast that demonstrates calcifications by mammography. Biopsy of this mass reveals extensive fat necrosis. The most likely etiology for this condition is: A) Comedocarcinoma B) Fibrocystic changes C) Trauma D) Lobular carcinoma in situ

A 42-year-old woman with a 9-cm soft, fleshy, breast tumor that microscopically has a lymphoid stroma with little fibrosis surrounding sheets of large vesicular cells with frequent mitoses is most likely which of the following? A) Metaplastic carcinoma B) Medullary carcinoma C) Cystosarcoma phyllodes D) Invasive ductal carcinoma

About 85-90% of lymphomas are: A) B-cell origin B) T-cell origin C) NK cell origin D) Mixed cellularity

Which one of the following findings in the primary breast carcinoma of a 45-year-old female suggests a better prognosis? A) Aneuploidy by flow cytometry B) An intraductal histologic pattern C) Low levels of estrogen receptors D) A solitary axillary lymph node metastasis

A 46-year-old man has had increasing dyspnea with a nonproductive cough for the past year. On physical examination, he is afebrile and has clubbing of digits. Pulmonary function testing reveals a mild restrictive abnormality along with reduced diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide. A transbronchial biopsy is performed and microscopic examination shows numerous alveolar macrophages, plump epithelial cells, mild interstitial fibrosis, and loss of respiratory bronchioles. Lamellar bodies and iron pigment are present within these macrophages. Which of the following is the most likely etiology for his pulmonary disease? A) Atopy B) Cigarette smoking C) Ciliary dyskinesia D) Mold spores

Described as duct-centric mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, venulitis, and increased numbers of IgG4-secreting plasma cells: A) Acute pancreatitis B) Chronic pancreatitis C) Cyst D) Autoimmune pancreatitis

A 7-year-old boy has a right hand mass measuring 8 cm in single widest dimension. These tumor cells are small round blue cells to spindly in shape with clustering. These cells are positive with immunohistochemical staining with Myo-D1 and Myogenin. What is the diagnosis? A) Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma B) Leiomyoma C) Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor D) Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma

A 30-year-old male developed a knee tumor composed of a tangled mat of red-brown folds and fingerlike projections. What is the diagnosis? A) Enchondroma B) Giant cell tumor C) Osteoid osteoma D) Pigmented villonodular synovitis

A 38-year-old, HIV-positive man complains that he has had a "bad" taste in his mouth and discoloration of his tongue for the past 6 weeks. On physical examination, there are areas of adherent, yellow-tan, circumscribed plaque on the lateral aspects of the tongue. This plaque can be scraped off as a pseudomembrane to show an underlying granular, erythematous base. What is the etiologic agent? A) Candida albicans B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae C) Epstein-Barr virus D) Herpes simplex virus

What is the most common primary intraocular tumor of adults? A) Basal cell carcinoma B) Mucoepidermoid carcinoma C) Squamous cell carcinoma D) Uveal melanoma

The red granular appearance of the cytoplasm of oncocytoma is due to which organelle? A) Golgi apparatus B) Lysosome C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum D) Mitochondria

A 35-year-old man suddenly develops severe dyspnea with wheezing and is taken to the emergency department. On physical examination, his vital signs are temperature 37.0°C; pulse 95/min; respirations 15/min; and blood pressure 130/80 mm Hg. A chest radiograph shows increased lucency in all lung fields. A sputum cytologic specimen shows Curschmann spirals, Charcot-Leyden crystals, and acute inflammatory cells in a background of abundant mucus. Many of the inflammatory cells are eosinophils. What is the most likely diagnosis? A) Aspiration B) Bronchiectasis C) Bronchial asthma D) Centrilobular emphysema

A 50-year-old female noted several small, baglike lesions that have appeared on the skin in front of her axilla over the past 2 years. On physical examination, five small, soft papules are covered by wrinkled skin and attached to the skin surface by a thin pedicle. What is the diagnosis? A) Fibroepithelial polyp B) Hemangioma C) Pilar cyst D) Xanthoma

A 25-year-old female tried a new facial cosmetic product, and a day later has red papules from 0.2 to 0.5 cm scattered over her skin. She sees her traditional healer 2 days later, and on physical examination, some of the lesions are now vesicular and oozing clear fluid, whereas others are crusted. An herbal medicine is applied over the next 3 days, and the lesions subside. What is the diagnosis? A) Eczematous dermatitis B) Erythema multiforme C) Impetigo D) Urticaria

Classic triad of Achalasia EXCEPT: A) Incomplete LES relaxation B) Increased LES tone C) Aperistalsis of esophagus D) Impaired smooth muscle relaxation

A 19-year-old hits a tree while snowboarding. He was initially unconscious and then regained consciousness. While in the emergency room, he became comatose and showed left papilledema. The skull radiograph shows a linear fracture of the left temporoparietal region. His serum screen is positive for cannabinoids. What is most likely the diagnosis? A) Epidural hemorrhage B) Lacunar infarct C) Subarachnoid hemorrhage D) Subdural hemorrhage

Most common type of cancer in children: A) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia B) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma C) Follicular lymphoma D) Multiple myeloma

Characterized by split basement membrane, progressive renal failure, and nerve deafness: A) Alport syndrome B) Berger disease C) Goodpasture syndrome D) Bence Jones protein

A 56-year-old man notices a lump on the right side of his face that has become larger over the past year. On physical examination, a 3- to 4-cm firm, mobile, painless mass is palpable in the region of the right parotid gland. The oral mucosa appears normal. He does not complain of difficulty in chewing food or talking. The mass is completely excised, and histologic examination shows spaces lined by a double layer of superficial columnar and basal cuboidal epithelial cells that are surrounding a lymphoid stroma. What is the most likely diagnosis? A) Acinic cell carcinoma B) Mucoepidermoid carcinoma C) Pleomorphic adenoma D) Warthin tumor

The following statements are TRUE of Pterygium, EXCEPT: A) Appears as submucosal elevation on the conjunctivae extending across the limbus B) Does not invade the cornea C) Occasionally precursor of actinic-induced neoplasms such as squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma D) Results from actinic damage

Most common cause of esophagitis: A) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) B) Esophageal laceration C) Esophageal obstruction secondary to tumor D) None of the above

A 50-year-old man had acute psychosis with a history of chronic alcoholism. He has difficulty performing the finger-nose test with paralysis of the lateral rectus of his eyes. Which nutrient deficiency does he have? A) Vitamin B1 B) Vitamin B3 C) Vitamin B6 D) Vitamin B12

A 55-year-old man dies of aspiration pneumonia after 6 years of illness characterized by progressive and symmetric muscular weakness. Autopsy is normal grossly, and microscopic examination shows gliosis in the motor cortex, pallor of the lateral corticospinal tract, and neuronal loss of anterior horns of the spinal cord. What is most likely the cause of death? A) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis B) Becker's muscular dystrophy C) Guillain-Barré syndrome D) Myasthenia Gravis

A 4-year-old boy with ataxia and stumbling gait of a few months’ duration developed nausea, vomiting, and headache. CT scan showed a solid space-occupying mass in the posterior fossa midline. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A) Hemangioblastoma B) Medulloblastoma C) Metastatic adenocarcinoma D) Meningioma

A 40-year-old female has a nodule on her shoulder that has become larger over the past 3 months. Excisional biopsy with wide margin is performed, and pathology results show melanoma composed of epithelioid cells that extend to the reticular dermis. There is a band of lymphocytes beneath the lesion. Which of the following is the most important determinant of prognosis for this patient? A) Age at diagnosis B) Depth of lesion C) Extent of radial growth D) Inflammatory response

Most common cause of acquired pyloric stenosis: A) Chronic gastritis B) Acute gastritis C) Gastritis secondary to NSAID intake D) Any of the above

[SEM2] Patho SEMESTERAL exam 2 Flashcards

(100 cards)