Semantics Flashcards
Semantics
Semantics studies the meaning or meaning potential of various kinds of expressions: words, phrases, and sentences
Denotation
The constant, abstract, and basic meaning of a linguistic expression independent of context and situation
Connotation
The subjectively variable, emotive components of meaning
Sense realtions
Semantic relations between words
In many cases it males more sense to talk of how one word relates to other words kn the language rather than to attempt characterizing its meaning using semantic features
Synonymy
The concept of synonymy is used to describe semantic equivalence or rather extensive semantic similarity between two or more lexemes
Non-gradable antonymy
Either-or relationship
The two antonyms exhaust all possible options in a particular conceptual domain
Gradable antonymy
If one member of the pair is negated it does not necessarily imply that the other member is asserted
Converseness (relational oppositeness)
Describe the same situation from a different perspective
Directional oppositeness (reversiveness)
A change of direction, in particular when motion is concerned
Hyponymy
Some terms stand in relation of subordination to a more general expression
Terminology
Hyponyms/hyperonyms
Semantic properties
Hyponyms have all the semantic properties of the hyperonym plus some additional ones, which dinstinguish them from the hyperonym on the one hand, and from other hyponyms situated on the same hierarchical level on the other
Meronymy
Part-whole relationship
Is not necessarily a transitive realtionship
Polysemy
One lexeme with several meanings
Homonymy
Two different lexemes that sound alike and/or are spelled alike with unrelated meanings
