Semester 1 Final Exam Flashcards
The Largest part; each hemisphere is made of 4 lobes
Cerebrum
Vision
Occipital Lobe
Personality, Future planning
Frontal Lobe
Logical mathematical
parietal lobe
balance and coordination
cerebellum
hearing, memory, speech
temporal lobe
involuntary actions (breathing, heart rate)
medulla oblongata
naturalist
respectful of environment
Visual-spatial
ability to create internal mental images, “creative”
interpersonal
relationships, “dependent”
verbal-linguistic
reading, writing, speaking, “communicating”
bodily kinesthetic
physical education, coordination, “athletic”
intrapersonal
self reflection, “independent”
difference between IQ and EQ
IQ - book smarts
EQ - Social smarts, skills
Three functions on the left side of the brain
- Logical
- Language
- Science/math
Three functions on the right side of the brain
- Creativity
- Intreition
- Arts/Music
a pyramid that shows the total mass of living tissue at each trophic level
biomass
the highest rate of reproduction under ideal conditions is known as
biotic potential
A small organism known as protozoa lives in the stomach of termites. These protozoa depend on
the termite for shelter and food. In return, the protozoa secrete a chemical that the termite needs to digest wood. This type of relationship is known as
mutualism
A feeding step within an ecosystem is known as a
trophic level
Two examples of density independent factors are ____ and _____
tornado and flood
Disease, parasitism, and availability of food are all examples of_______limiting factors.
Density dependent
Zero population growth occurs when the _________________ is equal to the
_______________. In this case, the population reaches its __________ ___________.
Birth rate, death rate, carry capacity
All of the possible food chains in an ecosystem make up a
food web
An autotroph uses ___________ from the sun to make its own _______________.
energy, food
A ragworm lives inside the shell of a hermit crab. The worm receives shelter and neither harms nor helps the crab. This type of relationship is known as
commensalism
At each level of a food chain, _________ % of the energy is lost in the form of ________.
90%, heat
A unique place occupied by an organism in and ecosystem is called its ___________. This
includes where it lives and its place in the food web.
niche
In an ecosystem ___________ flows in one direction, but _______________ is recycled.
energy, matter
A first order consumer that eats plants is known as a _________
herbivore
The greatest amount of energy in a food chain or food pyramid is found at the____________of the chain/pyramid.
bottom
Movement of an organism into an area is known as _________________, while movement out an area is known as ____________
immigration, emigration
limiting factors definition and example
factors or circumstances which keep populations from reaching their biotic potentials
Example - lack of food, lack of space
biotic definition and example
something related to living things
example - plants
abiotic definition and example
definition - anything chemical or physical that lacks life
example - light
Density-dependent definition and example
definition - factors which control population and operate more strongly on large populations
Examples - disease, competition, parasites.
density-independent definition and example
definition - factors which affect the lives of organisms regardless of the size of the population
Examples - extreme temperatures, floods, fire,
dealing with the relations and interactions between organisms and their environment
ecology
our entire plant with all its organisms and physical environments
Biosphere
all the organisms that live in a place together with their physical environment
ecosystem
a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms
biome
all the different populations that live together in a defined area
community
differences between food web and food chain
A food web consists of many food chains. A food chain only follows just one path as animals find food.
as a plant, that is able to produce its own food from inorganic substances. producers
producers
an organism, usually an animal, that feeds on plants or other animals.
consumer
an animal or other organism that feeds on dead organic matter.
scavenger
an organism, usually a bacterium or fungus, that breaks down the cells of dead plants and animals into simpler substances.
decomposer
an organism that uses organic waste as a food source, as certain insects.
detritivore
refers to the size of a population that occupies a given area at any point in time.
population density
one organism lives on or in another organism which is usually harmed.
parasitism
a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
population
levels of organization in the biosphere
individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere.
relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
commensalism
organism that make their own food through photosynthesis
autotrophs
a step in the passage of energy and materials
trophic level
make up the first level
autotrophs (producers)
a consumer which feeds directly on a producer
first order consumer or primary consumer
consumers that feed on other consumers
carnivores
organisms that eat both plants and animals
omnivores
carnivorous consumer, such as a snake, that feeds directly on a first-order consumer, such as a mouse
second-order consumer
consumer that feeds upon a second-order consumer, such as a snake that feeds upon a mouse, that eats grasshoppers
third-order consumer
Steps of Scientific method
- Observe and recognize the problem
- Form a hypothesis
- Experiment the hypothesis
- Record and analyze data
- Draw a conclusion
educated guess
Hypothesis
what changes
variable
does not change
constant
Lens one looks through
eye piece
supports slide
stage
a variable in an experiment that influences the outcome.
experimental factor
a group of subjects that are not given the treatment being tested in order to serve as a benchmark for the tested group
control
supports microscope
base
supports body tube
arm
focuses slide under low power
Coarse adjustment
sharpens image
fine adjustment
regulates amount of
light diaphragm
light source
lamp
connects eyepiece to nosepiece
body tube
turns objectives into position
revolving nosepiece
holds slide in place
stage clips
lowest magnification
lowest magnification power
highest magnification
high power
If slide is thick, only some parts of the specimen may come into focus
true
to switch from low to high power, one must rotate the revolving nosepiece
true
for viewing microscope slides should be placed on the objective
false
the total magnification of a microscope is determined by adding the ocular lens magnification and the objective lens magnification
false
Cell Theory 3 parts
- Cells are the basic structure and function of a living thing
- All organisms (living things) are made out of cells
- only existing cells can make new cells
group of similar cells that perform a particular function
tissue
group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions
organ
group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
organ system
who was the first scientist to observe cells?
hooke
least to most complex organisms
atom, cell, tissue, organ, organism system, organism
have a “true” nuclei
Eukaryotes
bacteria are an example
prokaryotes
do not have a nuclei
Eukaryotes
humans and plants are an example
eukaryotes
3 main jobs of the cell
- Make proteins
- Make energy
- Make new cells
Encloses the contents of the cell and controls the movement of particles into and out of the cell
cell membrane
3 other functions of the cell membrane
- site of chemical reactions
- cell to cell recognition
- separate organelles
regulates what goes in and out of the cell
cell membrane
control center, contains DNA
Nucleus
protects and supports the cell
cell wall
stores food and water
vacuole
provides energy
mitochondrion
packages chemicals
golgi body
canals for transport
ER
provides framework
cytoskeleton
makes food for plant
chloroplasts
helps cell reproduce
centriole
where chemical reactions occur
cytoplasm
has digestive enzymes
lysosome
three structures that are only found in plant cells
cell wall, chloroplasts and large vacuole.
cell membrane are made up of
carbohydrates and lipids
matter is anything that has
mass and takes up space
matter is made of tiny particles called
atoms
when two or more different atoms chemically combine a
compound is formed
a molecule is a combination of the same or different atoms held together by chemical
bonds
each element has a
symbol
positively charged particles
protons
negatively charged particles are
electrons
neutral charged particles are
neutrons
what commonly found molecule is represented to the right
h20
when two or more water molecules form hydrogen bonds between each other is known as
cohesion
when water sticks to another substance, such as cellulose in a plant, this is known as
adhesion
The periodic table of the elements was first arranged by the Russian scientist
dmitri mendeleev
The atomic number is equal to the number of
protons
The atomic mass is equal to the number of
protons and nuetrons
a change, new combinations of atoms are produced.
Examples include: burning wood, burning gasoline, cars rusting, and digestions of food.
change
During our chemistry demos in class, when the magnesium metal was burned, a bright light appeared, and ash was formed. What type of change occurred
chemical
a change, the substance changes from one state of matter to another.
An example where this happens is when water changes from ice to a liquid.
physical
When a substance changes from a solid to a liquid we call it
melting
When a substance changes from a liquid to a gas we call it
evaporation
In a solution of Kool-Aid and water, the solvent is the _____________and the solute is the _________________.
H20 and kool aid
Solutions with a higher concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxide ions (OH-), and a pH below 7 are know as
acids
Solutions with a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) than hydrogen ions (H+) and a pH above 7 are known a
bases
Solutions with a pH of 7 are
neutral
A common household solution that is acidic is ______________________, while a common household base is _______________________.
vinegar/lemon juice and detergent/bleach
Which pH is more acidic, a pH of 3, or a pH of 6? _________________ Which pH is more basic, a pH of 10 or a pH of 13? _________________________.
PH 3 and PH 13
Diffusion is the movement of materials from areas of
higher concentration to areas of lower concentration
It is a type of ____________ because it does not require energy to move the particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
passive transport
Diffusion will occur if the substances are in
unequal amounts on either side of the membrane
if the membrane is _______________ to the substance, meaning it allows it to go through
permeable
requires energy because particles are moving from an area of low concentration to high concentration, similar to when one is trying to walk in the opposite direction of a crowd of people.
active transport
Osmosis is the diffusion of
water through a membrane
it is important for the cell to be in
equilibrium with its environment.
Pathogen vs symbiont
Pathogen - causes disease, symbiont- does not cause disease
disease caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and or parasites
infectious disease
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote
Prokaryote - Lacks True nucleus
Eukaryote - Has nucleus
Binary Fission vs conjugation
Binary Fission - A reproduction when DNA splits
conjugation - exchange genetic information
weakened or killed pathogens used to produce immunity to a disease
Vaccine
Autotrophic vs Heterotrophic
autotrophic bacteria - produces own food
Heterotrophic bacteria - absorbs nutrients from surrounding
