Unit 10 Digestion Flashcards by Allison White

What type of organism is an aquatic filter feeder?

Sponge Detritivores

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An organism that was dissected in class, that has a one-way digestive tract is an

Earthworm

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Which is more advanced, a one way or two way digestive tract?

One-way

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Another name for alimentary canal is

Digestive Tract

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Do humans have a one-way or two-way digestive system?

one way

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Define intracellular digestion and example

food is digested inside cells (no digestive track

Example - sponge

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Define extra cellular digestion:

Example

food is digested outside cells in a digestive system

Example -US

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Earthworm

Detritivore, one-way digestive tract

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Sponge

Filter feeder, two digestive tract

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Hydra

Chunk feeder, two way digestive tract

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racoon

heterotroph, one way digestive tract

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Diseases such as scurvy can result from vitamin deficiencies

true

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Calcium is essential for bones and teeth

true

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Iron is important in the production of hemoglobin found in red blood cells

true

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An iodine deficiency can result in a goiter

true

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Rickets or weak/bowed bones results from a vitamin D deficiency

true

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Night blindness is caused by a protein deficiency

false

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Minerals are inorganic substances needed in small quantities

true

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Vitamins include A, B, C, D, E, and K and are organic substances

true

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Name the 6 nutrients essential to humans

water
carbohydrates
proteins
fats
vitamins
minerals

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essential for many body processes

- bulk of blood and other bodily fluids

water

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main energy source for the body

- helps food and waste move through digestive system

carbohydrate

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material for producing membranes and hormones

- insulates the body and stores energy

fat

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raw materials for growth and repair

protein

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organic molecules that help regulate body processes

vitamins

inorganic nutrients used for making bones, teeth, and | hemoglobin

minerals

Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta

grains

Apples, oranges, and blueberries

fruits

Fish, chicken, beans, and nuts

protein

Milk, yogurt, and low-fat cheeses

dairy

Broccoli, spinach, and carrots

vegetables

Which food group should make up the largest part of your diet?

grains

Which food group should be used in very small amounts?

oils

the amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram one degree celsisu

calorie:

Which food type has the greatest number of calories per gram?

fats

Taking in food for digestion is known as

ingestion

taking in nutrients into the | circulatory system is known as

absorption

The teeth used for tearing and cutting (like nailclippers) in humans are called

incisors

Teeth used for piercing, like a fork, are known as

canines

teeth used for | grinding food are known as

molars

Name one part of the human digestive tract where no chemical digestion occurs

intestine esophagus

Where does chemical digestion begin?

mouth

Starches are broken down by the enzyme

salivary amylase

The __________connects the mouth to the stomach.

esophagus

a series of alternating muscle contractions and relaxations that move food along the digestive tract

peristalsis

Food known as chyme passes from the stomach through the ____________ _____________into the small intestines.

pyloric sphinctor

What produces bile?

liver

what stores bile, which is needed to emulsify fats

gall bladder

Most chemical digestion and absorption occurs in the

small intestine

where are chemicals reabsorbed

large intestine

The inner lining of the small intestine is covered with __, which greatly increases the surface area for absorption

villi

Feces is stored in the

rectum

released through the anus in a process called

elimination

List the pathway that food takes, as it passes through the organs of the digestive tract:

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, rectum, anus

The test used for proteins is using Biuret reagent. If protein is present, then the color changes from blue to

purple

The test for starch is to use iodine. If starch is present, then the color changes from brown to

blue-black

The test for fats uses a brown paper bag. If the bag is ________________ then fats are present

translucent

A hamburger is made up of

protein and fat

Fries are made up of

fat and carbohydrates

Each of the tests for nutrients used a control, which was

water

In a food label’s ingredient list, the food in the greatest amount is listed

first

the food that is found in the smallest amount is listed

last

an enzyme found in the mouth and small intestine, it breaks down starch into maltose

amylase

the enzyme which breaks down fats into fatty acid and glycerol

lipase

the enzyme which breaks down sucrose into simpler sugars

sucrase

breaks large fat molecules into smaller ones, not an enzyme

bile

breaks proteins into smaller polypeptide

pepsin

acid found in the stomach which kills bacteria

HCI

breaks down milk sugars

lactase

the small intestine is lined with

villi which increase the surface area for absorption

bile is produced in the

liver

bile is stored in the

pancreas

in the stomach, is the only nutrient which is chemically digested

FAT

food travels down the esophagus by the rhythmic muscular contractions known as

peristalsis

the gland which produces many of the enzymes involved in digestion

gall bladder

bile and many enzymes are released into

small intestine making this the place where most digestion occurs

Unit 10 Digestion Flashcards

(76 cards)