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Physical Science > Semester 1 Turley > Flashcards

Semester 1 Turley Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Science

A

The process of gathering information about the natural world

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2
Q

Physical science

A

The study of matter and energy

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3
Q

Scientific method

A

A series of steps followed to solve a problem

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4
Q

Observation

A

The use of any of the sense to gather information

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5
Q

Hypothesis

A

A possible explanation or answer to a question

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6
Q

Data

A

Any piece of information acquired through experimentation

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7
Q

Model

A

Representation of any object or system

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8
Q

Theory

A

An explanation for Many hypotheses and observations

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9
Q

Law

A

Summary of many experimental results and observations

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10
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in an object

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11
Q

Volume

A

Amount of space an object occupies

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12
Q

Density

A

The amount of matter in a given volume

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13
Q

Temperature

A

A measurement of how hot or cold something is

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14
Q

Matter

A

Anything hat had mass and takes up space

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15
Q

Meniscus

A

The curve at the surface of a liquid

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16
Q

Weight

A

The measurement of gravitational force on an object

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17
Q

Inertia

A

The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

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18
Q

Physical property

A

Characteristics of a substance or element like color, density, hardness, etc.

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19
Q

Physical change

A

A change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties

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20
Q

Chemical property

A

Describes matter based on it’s ability to change into new matter that has different properties

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21
Q

Chemical change

A

When one one or more substances are changed into new substances or different properties

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22
Q

State of matter

A

Physical forms which a substance can exist

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23
Q

Solid

A

State of matter that had a definite shape and volume

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24
Q

Liquid

A

The state of matter that had a definite volume but takes the shape of its container

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25
Surface tension
Force that acts on the particles of the surface of a liquid
26
Viscosity
The resistance of a gas or liquid flow
27
Gas
State of matter that had no definite shape or volume
28
Pressure
The amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface
29
Boyce's Law
The law that states that the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of a gas when temperature is constant
30
Charle's law
The law that states the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of a gas when pressure is constant
31
Change of state
The change of a substance from one physical state to another
32
Melting
Change of state in which a solid becomes a liquid by adding energy
33
Evaporation
The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
34
Boiling
The change of a liquid to a vapor
35
Condensation
Change of state from a gas to a liquid
36
Sublimation
The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas
37
Element
Pure substance that cannot be separated into a simpler substance
38
Pure substance
A substance in which there is only one type of particle
39
Compound
Pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined
40
Mixture
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combines
41
Solution
Mixture that appears to be a single substance
42
Solute
The substance that is dissolved
43
Solvent
A substance that dissolves other substances
44
Concentration
The measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent
45
Solubility
The ability of the solute to dissolve in a solvent at a certain temperature
46
Atom
Smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
47
electrons
a subatomic particle that has a negative charge
48
nucleus
an atom's central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons
49
electron cloud
the region where electrons are most likely to be found
50
protons
subatomic particle that has a positive charge
51
neutrons
subatomic particles that have no charge
52
atomic mass unit
a unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule
53
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
54
isotope
an atom that has the same number of protons (as normal) but a different number of neutrons
55
mass number
the sum of the protons and neutrons
56
atomic mass
the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units
57
periodic
something that happens or repeats at regular intervals
58
periodic law
the law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers fo teh elements
59
period
horizontal row of elements in the perodic table
60
group
a vertical column of elements in periodic table; elements in a group share chemical properties
61
properties of metals
shiny, ductile, good conductors of electricity, malleable, good conductors of thermal energy
62
properties of nonmetals
not malluable, not ductile, not shiny, poor conductors of themal energy and electricty
63
properties of metalloids
shiny, brittle and can be hard, good conductor or electic current
64
``` Alkali Metals Contents: Electrons in outer level: reactivity: Other properties ```
Contents: metals Electrons in outer level: 1 reactivity: very reactive Other properties: softness; color of silver; shininess; low density Group 1
65
``` Alkaline-Earth Metals Contents: Electrons in outer level: reactivity: Other properties ```
Group 2 Contents: metals Electrons in outer level: 2 reactivity: very reactive but less reactive than alkali metals Other properties: color of silver; higher density of alkali metals
66
``` Transition Metals Contents: Electrons in outer level: reactivity: Other properties: ```
Group 3-12 Contents: metals Electrons in outer level: 1-2 reactivity: less reactive than alkaline-earth metals Other properties: shininess; good conductors of thermal energy and electric current; hihger densities and melting points than elements in Group 1 or 2 (except mercury)
67
Boron Group
``` Group 13 Contents:one metalliod and five metals Electrons in outer level: 3 reactivity: reactive Other properties: solids at room temperature ```
68
Carbon Group
Group 14 Contents: one nonmetal, two metalliods, and three metals Electrons in outer level: 4 reactivity: varies amoung elements Other properties: solids at room temperature
69
Nitrogen Group
Group 15 Contents: 2 nonmetals, 2 metalloids, and 2 metals Electrons in outer level: 5 reactivity: varies among elements Other properties: solids at room temperature
70
Oxygen Group
Group 16 Contents: 3 nonmetals, 1 metalliod and 1 metal Electrons in outer level: 6 reactivity: reactive Other properties: all but oxygen are solid at room temperature
71
Halogens
``` Group 17 Contents: nonmetals Electrons in outer level: 7 reactivity: very reactive Other properties: poor conductors of electricity, violent reactions with alkali metals to form salts; never in uncombined forms in nature ```
72
Noble Gases
``` Group 18 Contents: nonmetals Electrons in outer level: 8 reactivity: unreactive Other properties: colorless, odorless gases at room temperature ```
73
Hydrogen
Group 19 Electrons in outer level: 1 reactivity: reactive Other properties: colorless, odorless gas at room temp.; low density; explosive reaction with oxygen
74
chemical bonding
the joining of atoms to form new substances
75
chemical bond
an interaction that holds two atoms together
76
valence electron
an electron on the outer level of an atom; this determines the atom's chemical properties
77
Steps to the scientific method
1. make an observation 2. ask a question 3. form a hypothesis 4. test the hypothesis 5. analyze the results 6. Draw a conclusion
78
3 types of models
physical, conceptual, mathmatical
79
Describe a physical model
touchable and seeable
80
Describe a conceptual model
a system of ideas
81
Descrbie a mathematical model
mathematical equations and data
82
unit of measurement for mass
gram
83
unit of measurement for length
meters
84
unit of volume
cm^3
85
unit of measurement for liquids
liters
86
formula to find the density
mass divided by volume
87
formula to find volume
mass divided by density
88
How are atoms arranged on the periodic table?
by the number of protons
89
how do you find the number of neutrons?
the atomic mass minus the atomic number
90
metallic bond
a bond formed by the attraction between a positively charged metal ion and the electrons around them
91
REMINDER: BE ABLE TO LABLE CHEMICAL EQUATION
REMINDER: BE ABLE TO LABLE CHEMICAL EQUATION
92
REMINDER: BE ABLE TO TELL IF AN EQUATION IS BALANCED
REMINDER: BE ABLE TO TELL IF AN EQUATION IS BALANCED
93
acid
any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions
94
base
any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when disolved in water

Physical Science (3 decks)

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